海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线关系探讨

海洋生态红线制度是我国"五位一体"文明建设的具体要求。为进一步在自然科学与人文科学的联结点上探求深入开展生态红线工作的可能性,文章对比了实施多年的海洋功能区划与历史新阶段提出的海洋生态保护红线的概念和内涵,剖析了两者之间的区别与联系,指出海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线区划在法律地位和管控制度等方面具有一致性,在划分目标、空间管理及划分方法上具有差异性,海洋功能区划以"使用"为主,海洋生态红线以"保护"引领。在此基础上,建议未来海洋生态红线工作的开展可从海洋功能区划借鉴经验,建立完善的管控评估制度,确立生态保护红线的优先地位,处理好海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线区划的关系。同时,海洋生态红线区划应以维持海洋生态系统结构稳定和提高海洋生态系统服务功能为目标,将区域资源环境承载力评估作为一项参考指标,限制低承载区的开发利用,保证海洋生态环境健康可持续发展。

The Relationship between Marine Functional Zoning and Marine Ecological Red Line

With the sustained deterioration of marine ecosystems and environment,marine ecological red line zoning has become one of the most important systems of sea area management in our country.But comparing with the Marine Functional Zoning,marine ecological red line zoning is a new method employed in marine planning and protection.There is still a lack of systematic methods for marine ecological red line zoning,therefore,further studies are required.This paper summarized the similarities between Marine Functional zoning and marine ecological red line zoning,discussed the differences between the two managements.Furthermore,suggestions were proposed that marine ecological red line zoning could take example by Marine Functional Zoning in management system and assessment system.With the aim of improving the marine ecosystem service function,marine ecological red line zoning can take the marine environmental carrying capacity into consideration to control the development in low carrying capacity zone.