新疆生态经济系统的能值分析与可持续发展研究

能值是生态经济学中用来衡量自然支持系统与经济系统的产品与过程的新概念,在此基础上建立的理论和方法可用于度量来自自然系统的“自然资本”和生态系统服务功能的价值。运用能值理论与方法,对新疆生态经济系统主要资源的贮存价值、总能值用量、能值的流入流出情况、人口承载力、能值投入率、能值使用强度、环境负荷等指标进行了系统研究,并与其他国家的有关指标进行了比较研究,提出了进一步开发新疆资源、实现可持续发展目标的政策建议。

STUDY ON ENERGY EVALUATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS OF XINJIANG

As economic and ecological support systems become more interdependent,new disciplines are needed to "bridge the gap" of understanding between human and nature. New measures of wealth, of value, of contributions and production are needed that acknowledge the"natural capital" and"ecosystem services" provided from healthy environments. A new interface is now being recognized called "ecological economics". New tools are being invested to measure wealth, services and production fairly and equitably. Energy is an alternative measure of value, based on real contribution to system performance, it is a new concept which quantifies "energy memory" in products and process. It is a new accounting unit of total contributions, direct and indirect, used in generation of a product or service. An energy analysis of Xinjiang system of economy and nature was performed in order to study its sustainability and energy use. Indices of thermodynamic and economic vitality of Xinjiang were evaluated and a comparison with indices of other developed and developing countries or areas was performed. Through the researches, following results and suggestions were presented:(1) Xinjiang has large resources reserves, the macrovalue of non renewable resources(ore) and wood reserves is 13 403.3 billions US$, which is 1 300 times greater than the current GDP of Xinjiang, so there is agreat potentiality to develop the resources of Xinjiang.(2) In the process of trading, Xinjiang exports much more energy than imports owing to the high value of Xinjiang's dollar/dollar ratio. (3) Empower density is much lower, which shows that Xinjiang is an agricultural areas, and land resource is richer for its further economic development.(4) Electricity is a very high quality energy, that is usually used for interacting with low quality inputs to feedback and stimulates the production process. Electricity can also support the manipulation and processing of information for modern era. Unfortunately, at present electricity use is just 3.64% of its total energy use, which is much lower than that of other countries. So Xinjiang should speed up to develop power industries for future sustainable development.(5) Suggestions for public policy in Xinjiang: The long time perspectives of energy analysis hardly can be of some interest for individuals, whose short time perspectives may seem more consistent with maximization of monetary values and fast exploitation of natural resources irrespective of their environment quality. Energy analysis results should be taken into account by public makers in programming sustainable pathways for their areas or country as well as in careful managing with natural resources. Favorable energy balance of trade and agri industrial production, sustainable exploitation of indigenous storages of resources, foreign resources imports, competitive resources investments on a local scale, efficiency in non renewable energy use when environmental resources are exploited, attraction of foreign energy(tourism, information, trained immigrants, etc.) are all long term purposes which are the basis of any sustainable development and increase in wealth.