15～19世纪中国与欧洲制盐技术的发展

１５～１９世纪中国与欧洲均以柴草和煤炭为燃料，经提升、运输等程序把海水、地下卤水运至熬盐场进行熬盐。欧洲使用木管输卤，用方型铁锅或铅锅熬制，而中国则用竹管输卤，以圆型铁锅和竹盘熬制，同时中国还采用天然气为熬盐燃料。把海水分段（池）日晒蒸发制卤、结晶制盐的工艺，欧洲始于中世纪末，中国则形成于唐（盐池卤水），完善于明，并逐渐向沿海扩展。中国于１８３５年凿成世界上第一口深逾千米的盐井；欧洲于１６世纪末，在地下１２０ｍ深处用水平巷道开采盐矿。中世纪末，欧洲用采矿法和水溶法开采地下盐，１７９２年从５０ｍ深的井下用蒸气机代替马匹汲取卤水。

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SALTPRODUCTION-TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA AND EUROPE DURING 15～19 CENTURY

Abstract This Paper described the development of the saltproduction - technology from the 15th to the 19th century in China and Europerespectively. During this periode,the salt were boiled all off the seawater and the underground brine. in china it was mainly boiled in the circular iron POt and the bamboo platte,in Europe in the square,iron-and lead pot. The strew and cool were used as fuel for boilsalt in Europe and China,the natural gas was used in some area of China. the progresses of salt production were that:the underground brine had been drawn to the surface and had been transported to the saltproductionsarea and to be boiled. In Europe salt had been boiled from the seawater,the brine was evaporated in the sun,and crystallinzed to salt since the end of the middle ages. In China that had began this way from the TangDynasty (A.D.618 - 907 )and it was Perfected in the Ming-Dynasty (A. D. 1368-1644) and diffused to the coast.In europe, the wood pipe was used as the brine pipline,in China the bamboo pipe was used.chinese dug the first salt well over 1000meters deep of the world in 1835. European exploited the salt mine by the horizontal floor under 120 meters deep in the end of the 16th century. In Eurpoe,at the end of the Middle Ages, the mining method and the water - solution method to mine the underground salt were used. In 1792, the brine was drew from the so meters deep Well by steam engine instead of the horse.