我国经济技术开发区的发展特征及动力机制

自 198 4年国务院首批设立开发区以来 ,国家级经济技术开发区经历了沿海布点、东南铺开和向全国推进三个阶段。开发区是 18年来我国经济发展的重要空间载体。部分开发区在吸引外资、扩大出口、发展新兴产业、促进区域经济发展等多方面起到了窗口、辐射、示范和带动作用 ,已经成为当地经济新的增长点。开发区成长和发展的动力主要是政策作用力、市场作用力和社会文化作用力 ,从长远来看 ,学习和创新能力是开发区发展的重要提升力。对开发区发展的认识不能仅停留在政策作用层面上 ,而应着眼于构建区域发展的内动力

Characteristics and development mechanism of the economic and technological development areas in China

In recent years, growing attention has been devoted to the development areas in China. While most of the researches concern much to the development of research parks in China, the comprehensive researches about the Economic and Technological Development Areas (ETDAs) are very limited. Therefore, the main concern of this paper is first devoted to discussing the characteristics of ETDAs, and then based on the field investigations of main development areas in the coastal zone, the mechanism of development areas is explored. Since 1984, the Chinese central government has authorized 54 state-level ETDAs which are distributed within the whole country. Meanwhile the number of ETDAs planned by the provincial and local governments has increased so fast that the total number amounted to more than 500 by the end of 2000. From the spatial perspective, the developmental period of ETDAs can be divided into three stages: the first 14 ETDAs scattered in several cities along the coastal zone, and then they dispersed to the east and south regions of China; so far, the ETDAs have spread into the middle and western China. Most of the ETDAs has contributed a lot to the regional development, especially in terms of economic growth and use of foreign direct investment (FDI). Some of the ETDAs have become the most important growth poles in places where they are located. However, there are significant regional differences among the development areas. On the whole, the economic performance of development areas located in the coastal zone is better than that in the middle and western China. The main driving forces of the ETDAs' growth, as being argued in this paper, are the special policies for ETDAs, which can be regarded as the original force, the influence of the transnational corporations (TNCs), the market mechanism and the role of social and cultural factors. Moreover, in the long run, the regional learning and innovation ability is even more important for ETDAs' further development. Within China, however, the understanding of ETDAs still rests on the important role of special policies played in the development of the development areas. Accordingly, most regional governments, by increasing the number of ETDAs and providing preferential polices, have tended to accelerate regional economic growth, while ignoring the other driving forces that are in fact the endogenous powers for the development of the ETDAs.