长江口生物硅的组成、行为和收支

基于在长江口开展的三个综合航次对河口生物硅组成、行为和收支进行了研究。结果表明，长江口生物硅主要是由植硅体、硅藻和海绵骨针三部分组成，其中植硅体有16种形态，在高混浊区对生物硅的贡献量为23%-83%。收支计算显示，长江输送的生物硅是河口区获取外部生物硅的主要途径，占河口生物硅总输入量的95%；维持河口生物硅水平的主要过程是初级生产（55 Gmol a^-1）和沉积过程（46 Gmol a^-1）；初级生产所贡献的生物硅分别是长江生物硅输送量的2.3倍和河口区向外输送生物硅的63%。从河口区向东海和黄海输送的生物硅是26 Gmol a^-1，与长江的生物硅输送量相当；河口区沉积的生物硅是向外输送量的1.7倍，在其中植硅体贡献了53%至88%的生物硅，表明河口是陆源生物硅汇的作用；反风化作用也是河口活性硅去除的一个重要途径。本研究显示植硅体是河口生物硅的重要组成部分，长江口在生物硅收支与循环中表现出汇的作用。

The biogenic silica composition, behavior and budget in the Changjiang Estuary

Three comprehensive surveys were performed in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary (CJE) to understand the biogenic silica (BSi) composition, behavior and budget. It is indicated that the BSi is composed of phytoliths, phytoplankton and sponges; phytolith BSi has 16 forms and account for 23% to 83% of the bulk BSi in the maximum turbidity zone. The budget shows that the major exogenous BSi source in the water column of the CJE is the riverine input, accounting for 95% of the total BSi input. Dominant processes that maintain BSi levels in the water column are the primary production (55 Gmol/a) and the subsequent BSi sedimentation (46 Gmol/a); and the BSi pool produced by the primary production represents two point three times the BSi loading of the Changjiang River and 63% of the BSi output, respectively. The net export (26 Gmol/a) of BSi from the CJE to the East China Sea and Yellow Sea roughly equals the riverine BSi loading. The observed total accumulation of BSi is one point seven times larger than the loading of total BSi output, with 53% to 88% of phytolith BSi and their assemblage, indicating that there has already been a “filter” of terrestrial BSi. The reverse weathering in sediments is an important process for the reactive silica removal in the CJE due to authigenic alterations. It is indicated that the phytolith fluxes in the suspended load represent a significant BSi source in the estuary, and the CJE would act as a net BSi sink.