莱州湾南岸湿地水文环境变化与可持续的水资源管理对策

水文环境变化能影响滨海湿地生态系统的结构和功能。受气候干旱、河流断流、陆源污染物输入、地下咸-卤水入侵以及各种海洋灾害日益加剧等因素的影响,最近30多年来莱州湾南岸滨海湿地严重退化,表现为历史时期形成的淡水湖泊湿地现在大都已经退化消失,大面积的潮上带自然湿地被虾蟹池、盐田等人工湿地取代,潮间带湿地底质和潮下带湿地水质不断恶化,赤潮等海洋灾害多发,湿地生物多样性受损,渔业资源衰退等。针对导致湿地退化的原因,提出了提高水资源利用效率和节约利用淡水资源,加强水环境整治与保护,严格控制污染物入海减轻对湿地的污染,实施跨流域调水工程来增加湿地蓄水量以满足湿地生态需水,减轻海洋灾害等恢复和重建退化湿地的水资源可持续管理对策。

Changes of Hydrological Environment and Sustainable Countermeasures of Water Resources Management of Wetlands in Southern Laizhou Bay

The structure and function of the coastal wetland ecosystem in southern Laizhou Bay has been changed greatly and influenced by regional hydrological changes. The coastal wetlands have been degraded badly in the latest 30 years because of continued drought, decrease of river flows, pollution, intrusion of underground saline water and marine disasters such as storm tides, sea-level rising etc. Most big archaic lakes had vanished in ancient, artificial wetlands had been extending so that natural coastal wetlands were replaced by saltern and pond of shrimps and crabs, the pollution of sediment of intertidal wetland and water of subtidal wetland was getting worse and red tides happened more frequently than before. The biodiversity was damaged and fishery resources decreased. The paper puts forward some primary countermeasures of managing water resources to restore and rehabilitate the degraded coastal wetlands. Such as enhancing the usage rate of regional water resources and saving the fresh water, reducing the influences of marine disasters on the coastal wetlands by engineering-oriented and ecological measures, controlling the scale of the salt industry and seawater farming, reducing the pollution of the coastal wetlands, inputting water from other drainage basin to restore the hydrological condition etc.