外出务工对山区农民适应旱灾能力的影响——云南保山的案例

基于在云南省西部保山地区开展的入户问卷调查和关键信息人访谈，探讨在发生旱灾，大量农民外出务工以弥补旱灾给家庭和农业生产带来的损失这一特定背景下，对比外出务工农户和非外出务工农户在收入来源、应对旱灾措施和家庭收入分配上的差异，分析外出务工对农民适应气候变化能力带来的影响。结果表明：外出务工收入给留守家庭的气候变化适应能力带来了积极的影响；另外一方面，大量青壮年劳动力的外出让经济结构仍然以农业为主的村庄出现劳动力缺乏、农业发展后续动力不足等潜在问题。建议在未来针对外出务工人口开展的职业培训中增加诸如家庭财务管理、气候变化等相关内容来加强农村地区和农民的气候变化适应能力，建议政府推广气候智能农业，采取本地化/本土化的适应措施。

The Role of Out-Migration in Villagers’ Adaptation to Drought-A Case of Baoshan,Yunnan, China

Based on the questionnaire survey and key informant interview conducted in Baoshan prefecture located in western Yunnan province, this paper explores, while government promoted farmers’ out-migration as a response to local drought, the impacts of out-migration on local farmers climate change adaptability, through a comprehensive and comparative study on the difference of income source, drought response, family income distribution between remittance-recipient families and non remittance-recipient families. Results show that the remittance brought back by out migrated farmers had a positive effect on the climate change adaptability of their families stayed in the origin. On the other hand, the mass out-migration of rural laborers also created potential problems, such as laborer shortage, for local agricultural development. It is suggested that in the future, vocational training for out-migration farmers, should include important courses such as family financial management, climate change and other related content to strengthen the climate change adaptability for farmers and rural communities; government should promote the concept of climate smart agriculture and localized adaptation strategies.