发达国家HFCs管控政策法规及对中国的启示

作为受《蒙特利尔议定书》控制的氟氯化碳（CFCs）和氟氯烃（HCFCs）的替代品，氢氟碳化物（HFCs）由于具有较高的全球增温潜势（GWP）值而在近年受到国际社会的广泛关注。目前部分发达国家已制定并实施相关政策法规控制HFCs的生产、消费和排放，如欧盟的新F-Gas法规以配额管理的方式对HFCs进行总量控制，美国通过新制冷剂替代计划（SNAP）计划筛选替代品及实施禁用年限逐步替代HFCs等。通过分析比较发达国家政策法规的区别和共性，建议中国在未来应将HFCs控制纳入法律法规的管制范畴，并遵循总量控制原则，利用全生命周期管理的手段逐步实现HFCs的排放管控。

HFCs Controlling Policies and Regulations of Developed Countries and Inspirations to China

As substitutes of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) which are controlled under the Montreal Protocol, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have become a focus globally in recent years for their high global warming potential (GWP). Nowadays, some developed countries have established policies and regulations to control the production, consumption and emission of HFCs. The F-Gas Regulation of the European Union takes total-amount-control of HFCs by quota management, while Significant New Alternatives Policy Program in the U.S. phases out HFCs by altering acceptable substitutes. By analyzing and comparing the differences and similarities of policies and regulations in developed countries, it’s essential for China to legalize HFCs control and to phase down HFCs through full-lifecycle management under the total-amount-control principle.