温室气体排放空间使用比率及计算实例

度量不同参与者已使用的温室气体排放空间是温室气体排放核算的重要问题。从人际公平视角，基于人年均温室气体排放，本文提出了温室气体排放空间使用比率及其计算公式，利用142 个国家1950-2013 年温室气体排放和人口数据进行了具体计算，并根据计算结果对这些国家进行了排序和分类。计算结果表明，美国温室气体排放空间使用比率在3.33以上，占用的排放空间远高于142 个国家的平均水平；中国处于0.50~0.70，明显低于平均水平；印度在0.30 以下，远低于平均水平。本研究表明，温室气体排放空间使用比率可支持决策者和社会各方了解参与者使用温室气体排放空间的程度，也有助于提高排放信息的透明度。

Ratio for Greenhouse Gas Emission per Capita per Year and Its Application to UNFCCC Parties

It is a key issue to calculate how much emission quota has been used for UNFCCC parties, taking into account their historical greenhouse gas emssions. From the perspective of inter-person equity, this paper defines ratio for greenhouse gas emission per capita per year, presents the results of calculation for 142 parties based on data at UN Demographic Yearbook, national inventory report, biennial report, biennial updated report and national communication, and estimation by International Energy Agency and Carbon Budget Project and other researchers and international orgizations. It is found that ratio for greenhouse gas emission per capita per year for the U.S. is higher than 3.33, that for China is 0.50-0.70, that for India is less than 0.30. According to ratio for greenhouse gas emission per capita per year, the 142 parties are categorized into 9 groups. It is found that ratio for greenhouse gas emission per capita per year can be applied to measure the emission allowance a party has been used, while it can also help to improve the transparency of emission information.