高温热浪支付意愿人群分异及其影响因素——以福州市为例

本文以高温热浪突出的福州市为典型研究区域，采取简单随机抽样的方式进行面对面访谈，获取了962份有效问卷，并对部分样本进行深度访谈，问卷内容涵盖社会经济、高温热浪的支付意愿及其影响因素等。利用条件价值评估法(CVM)与Spike修正模型，探究本地居民与外来流动人口在支付意愿上存在的人群分异及其影响因素。结果显示：1)本地居民和外来流动人口的高温热浪支付意愿总体较高，且前者高于后者；2)本地居民E(WTP)非负为68.78元/月，而流动人口E(WTP)非负为46.78元/月，存在明显差异（WTP指支付意愿)；3)导致高温热浪支付意愿相对较低的因素包括居民类型、性别、受教育水平、职业、在福州时间和经济实力。本地居民与外来流动人口高温热浪支付意愿和支付金额的差异及其影响因素将为福州及同类地区制定相关政策提供借鉴。

A Study on the Willingness to Pay for Heatwaves Between Different Groups and Its Influence Factors: A Case of Fuzhou

Fuzhou city was deliberately chosen as the study area because of prominent heatwaves. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by means of the simple random sampling method, and 962 valid questionnaires were obtained. The depth interviews for some samples were also conducted, and the questionnaires covered some contents: social economy, the willingness to pay (WTP), its influence factors of heatwaves, etc. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and the modified Spike model were used to explore the differences between local residents and floating population on the WTP and its influencing factors. The results showed that: 1) Totally, the willingness payment of local residents and floating population for heatwaves is high, and the former is higher than the latter. 2) The willingness payment of local residents is 68.78 RMB per month, and that of floating population is 46.78 RMB per month. Obviously, there are differences between them. 3) The influencing factors of the WTP for heat waves include the type of residents, gender, education level, occupation, the time that stay in Fuzhou and the economic capacity. The differences of the WTP and the amount of payment for heatwaves between the local residents and the floating population and its influence factors will provide references for Fuzhou and other regions with similar weather to make relevant policies.