现代战争特点及军事地质调查

作为地质学研究对象的地形、地貌、工程地质和地质灾害在传统的接触式战争中发挥过重要的作用,创造了许多战争奇迹,但在以精确全球打击,前线与后方界线模糊、陆军作战作用弱化的现代战争,地质对战争是否还有影响?本文围绕这一问题,通过对战争阶段演化及地质应用历史分析,从现代战争特点和对军事地质需求分析人手,利用军事学思维,讨论了地质学的地质体力学性质、地球化学性质、地球物理性质和地质灾害等内容在现代战争中的作用,主要包括精确打击和重点防御目标的优选、打击地面工事的武器选配、目标侦测和靶区选择、海洋战争环境建设和战争评估、地面临时机动路线规划和工事选址等方面;探讨了军事地质调查的重点区域、方法手段、比例尺选择问题,以及在区域地质、工程地质、水文地质、灾害地质、地球物理调查基础上开展军事地质调查的工作流程及成果表达问题,分析了未来军事地质重点研究发展方向,为地质学在现代战争中的应用提供思路。

The Characteristics of Modern War and the Investigation in Military Geology

As the research objects of geology, terrain, landforms, engineering geology and geological disasters create lots of battle miracle in traditional contact war. But the modern war''s characteristic is global precision attack, no precision boundary between frontline and back, and unimportant role of ground force. This article discuss the function of geological factors in modern war and provide thoughts for application of geology in modern war. Methods:Studying with the characteristics of modern war, the requirements for military geology, evolution stage of war and geological application history, utilizing military thought, we discuss the function of geological body''s mechanical properties, geochemistry, physical geography and geological hazard in modern war. The function mainly include certain services for optimization of precise strike and defence priorities, the weapon choice for striking ground fortifications, target detections and the choice of targets, the environment construction of ocean wars and the war estimation, the layout of ground temporary maneuver route and location selection of fortification. We discuss the problem of military geological survey''s key region, methods and means, choice of scale, and the workflow, achievement expression based on regional geology, engineering geology, hydrogeology, hazardous geology, geophysical survey, analyze the development and research emphasis of future military geology.Results:Geology can play important role in military, such as ocean battlefield environment, optimal selection of precision attack ground targets, target investigation and precision guidance, the layout of ground temporary maneuver route and location selection of fortification, weapon scientific selection for underground fixed installation, the war environment estimation. Conclusions: Modern war need military geology. Military can solve some problems in modern war. Investigation and collection of military information, classification investigation of military target should be paid more attention.