塔里木盆地构造—古地理演化

摘要构造—古地理演化对盆地分析与油气资源评价具有重要意义，通过古构造恢复结合区域地质背景，综合分析塔里木盆地构造—古地理演化过程。塔里木盆地经历克拉通基底形成阶段、南华—震旦纪强伸展—挤压阶段、寒武—奥陶纪弱伸展—强挤压阶段、志留—白垩纪振荡升降变迁阶段、新生代弱伸展—强挤压阶段等5大构造演化阶段。塔里木盆地南华—震旦纪发育北东向陆内窄深裂谷系统，不同于显生宙；寒武纪—早奥陶世发育“两台一盆”的“东西分块”的大型克拉通内碳酸盐岩台地，中-晚奥陶世碳酸盐岩台地快速演变为“南北分带”；志留—泥盆纪形成克拉通内坳陷海相碎屑岩沉积体系；石炭—二叠纪发育克拉通内碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩的浅海—海陆过渡相沉积；中生代发育一系列分隔的快速变迁的陆内坳陷碎屑岩沉积；新生代发育前陆盆地陆相磨拉石沉积，形成复杂的叠合盆地。受控原—新特提斯洋与南天山洋的开启—闭合，以及新生代印度板块挤压的远程效应，塔里木盆地构造—古地理具有多期性、多样性、迁移性与强烈的改造性，不同于典型的克拉通盆地。

Tectonic-paleogeographic evolution in the Tarim Basin

The tectonic-paleogeographic evolution is of significant role in the basin analysis and oil/gas resource evaluation. Together with the paleotectonic restoration and regional geological data, Tarim Basin has experienced five-stages tectonic evolution: basement formation stage, the Cryogenian-Ediacaran strong extension-compression stage, Cambrian-Ordovician weak extension-strong compression stage, Silurian-Cretaceous fluctuation and migration stage, and Cenozoic weak extension-strong compression stage. NE trending narrow continental rifts developed in the Cryogenian-Ediacaran, which were different from the Phanerozoic Tarim intracratonic basin. Two large carbonate platforms clipped one intra-basin developed stably in the Cambrian-Early Ordovician from east to west. Due to the transition from a divergent to convergent southern margin, isolated carbonate platforms from south to north formed in the Late Ordovician. Silurian-Devonian turned to deposition of marine clastic rocks in inner cratonic depression. The Carboniferous-Permian deposited shallow marine-terrestrial of intracratonic siliciclastic rocks and carbonate rocks. A series of separated intraplate depressions, following frequent depositional changes of terrigenous siliciclastic rocks, developed in the Mesozoic Tarim. Cenozoic foreland basins formed along the margins of the Tarim with thick terrigenous molasse deposition, with subsequent deep burial of the basin to form a complex superimposed basin. Impacted by the opening-closing of the Proto-Neo-Tethys oceans and South Tianshan Ocean, and the Cenozoic remote effect from the Indian plate, the tectono-paleogeographic evolution of the Tarim Basin has the characteristics of multi-stage collision, multi-type, migration and strong modification, which are different from the typical cratonic basins.