石英脉型钼矿地质和地球化学特征研究现状综述

石英脉型钼矿床作为钼矿资源的一种主要工业类型，对于钼资源的开发具有重要意义，因此，其地质、地球化学特征及其成矿机制也引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文通过整理和分析国内主要石英脉型钼矿的矿床地质、矿区花岗岩的地球化学特征，以及相关成矿地球化学资料，发现石英脉型钼矿床具有如下地质和地球化学特征：产于断裂构造发育的地区，断裂为主要的控矿空间；矿区常发育花岗岩体，与成矿具有密切的空间和时间关系；矿体呈脉状，由石英脉和其两侧的蚀变围岩组成，其中主要矿物组合为辉钼矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、钾长石和石英；与成矿有关的花岗岩地球化学特征显示矿床主要形成于后碰撞伸展构造环境，岩浆源区为下地壳，并且有少量幔源物质的加入；流体包裹体数据显示，成矿流体具有中低温（160 ℃～375 ℃）、中低盐度（4%～28%）的特点；成矿流体的δ¹⁸O值为-7.3‰～4.8‰、δD值为-129‰～-50‰，表现为岩浆水和大气降水混合成因；成矿热液的总δ³⁴S值为1.1‰～8.8‰，指示成矿体系中的硫来源于岩浆，并受地层硫的不同程度影响。

A review of the research status of geological and geochemical characteristics of quartz vein-type molybdenum deposits

Quartz vein-type molybdenum deposits, as a major industrial type of molybdenum resources, are of great significance for the development of molybdenum resources. Therefore, their geological and geochemical characteristics and their mineralization mechanisms have also attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, by collating and analyzing the deposit geology of the main quartz vein molybdenum deposits in China, the geochemical characteristics of the granite in the mining area, and related ore-forming geochemical data, it is found that the quartz vein molybdenum deposits have the following geological and geochemical characteristics: Produced in areas where fault structures are developed, faults are the main ore-controlling space; granite bodies are often developed in mining areas, and have close spatial and temporal relationships with mineralization; The ore body is vein-shaped and consists of quartz veins and altered surrounding rocks on both sides. The main mineral combinations are molybdenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, potash feldspar and quartz; The geochemical characteristics of granite related to mineralization show that the deposit is mainly formed in the post-collision extension tectonic environment, the magma source area is the lower crust, and a small amount of mantle-derived material is added; The data of fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluid has the characteristics of medium and low temperature （160 ℃～375 ℃） and medium and low salinity （4%～28% NaCl）; The δ¹⁸O value of the ore-forming fluid is -7.3‰～4.8‰, and the δD value is -129‰～-50‰, which is manifested by the mixed origin of magmatic water and atmospheric precipitation; The total δ³⁴S value of the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid is 1.1‰～8.8‰, indicating that the sulfur in the ore-forming system originates from magma and is affected to varying degrees by the sulfur in the formation.