城市收缩背景下外来人口政策满意度 ——以东莞为例

2008年金融危机后东莞出现城市收缩现象，东莞城市政府出台了以户籍改革为核心的外来人口政策吸引人口定居、改善人口流失情况。然而，在政策实践中，不同特征人群对于外来人口政策的满意程度或有差异，但已有研究鲜有探讨这一问题。因此，文章从市民视角评价以户籍改革为核心的外来人口政策，重点对比未入户外来人口与已入户人口的政策满意度。基于2013年东莞外来人口工作生活的问卷调查数据，采用二元逻辑回归分析方法，探讨外来人口对于东莞城市政策的满意度及其影响因素。研究发现：全体外来人口中，高学历、没有因户口遇到教育/住房差别待遇、满意治安环境、参与公共政策制定的群体，对外来人口政策的满意度更高。对比未入户与已入户两类人群发现：已入户人群比未入户人群对于政策满意度更高；未入户人群对于住房、教育以及治安环境的关注更为明显；已入户人群则更为关注情感维度与社会融合。

Urban Migrant Policy and Residential Satisfaction in the Shrinking City: A Case Study of Dongguan

Dongguan City shrank under the influence of the financial crisis in 2008. The shrinkage has brought about a series of problems, such as the loss of population and the decline of urban competitiveness. In order to effectively alleviate these, Dongguan municipal government has introduced the migrant population policy to attract the migrant population to settle down. Previous studies on migrant population policy satisfaction mostly focus on single policy, such as job satisfaction, employment satisfaction and housing satisfaction. Moreover, the differences in policy satisfaction among different migrant population groups are ignored. Therefore, this paper evaluates the comprehensive foreign population policy (with the hukou system as its core) from the perspective of citizens, focusing on the comparison of the policy satisfaction of the non-resident foreign population and the new resident population and its influencing factors. Based on the 2013 survey in Dongguan, the study uses binary logistic regression analysis to explore the satisfaction of migrants toward Dongguan migrant policy and its determinants. The study found that among the migrant population, those with high educational background, no real estate in Dongguan, no differential treatment between education and housing due to hukou, satisfied with public security environment, and those who has participated in public policy making are more satisfied with the migrant population policy. In addition, on comparing non-hukou migrants with new citizens, the study found that new citizens hold a higher level of satisfaction. This suggests that foreign policy has been influential in some way. Due to the restrictions of hukou system and their economic conditions, Non-hukou migrants pay more attention to the problems of housing, children's obligations education and stable public security environment. In contrast, new citizens put more emphasis on the emotional dimension and social integration. Therefore, the urban migrant population policy should focus on the low-income non-hukou migrants, and focus on the basic education, the solution of housing problems and the security environment. In addition, the implementation of the public participation and the use of the internet and new media are effective ways to increase the popularity and satisfaction of policy. The government should also encourage local people and the migrant population to contribute ideas, so as to enhance the sense of identity and belonging of the migrant population. Finally, it is of great significance to pay attention to different urban shrinking backgrounds and understand the population’s real demand for improving the quality of population urbanization and alleviating the urban shrinkage.