Drought as an agri-environmental determinant of irrigation land: the case of Bardenas (Spain) |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">J?CausapéEmail author I?Clavería |
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Institution: | (1) Unidad de Suelos y Riegos, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA-DGA), Apdo. 727, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain |
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Abstract: | Irrigated agriculture is causing certain deterioration of the quality of rivers and aquifers. The objective of this study
is to analyse the agri-environmental repercussions caused by climatic changes in a typical irrigated land in the Ebro valley
(Spain). The irrigation efficiency and agri-environmental impact in a basin of irrigated land (95 ha) were compared for two
hydrological years with different pluviometry October 2000/September 2001 (526 mm/year) vs. October 2004/September 2005 (211 mm/year)].
For this end, water balances were carried out in every plot and the quantity and quality (salinity and nitrates) of the water
circulating through the drainage of the basin were gauged. The results indicate that in 2004/2005 farmers adjusted the irrigation
doses better on each irrigation occasion, thus diminishing the fraction of drainage of the same (50% vs. 31%) and increasing
the consumptive water use efficiency (56% vs. 79%). Nevertheless, the drought of 2004/2005 determined inappropriate irrigation
management as the crops suffered a greater hydric deficit (3% vs. 23%). In 2004/2005, drainage waters presented higher electric
conductivity (0.92 dS/m vs. 0.94 dS/m) and smaller nitrate concentration (96 mg/l vs. 74 mg/l). Last year, 55, 54 and 65%
less of water, salts and N–NO3−, respectively, were exported in the drainage. The lesser environmental impact in the year 2004/2005 was influenced by more
appropriate use of water and agrichemical resources. Nevertheless, it is necessary to continue optimizing agricultural practices,
mainly irrigation and fertilization, in order to minimize nitrate pollution and to confront years of drought. |
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Keywords: | Water Irrigation Fertilization Pollution Salt Nitrate |
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