欧亚大陆冷季积雪与亚洲夏季风的关系:区域特征与季节性

主要回顾了欧亚大陆冷季积雪与亚洲夏季风的关系,特别是积雪对季风演变和强度的影响。从Blanford(1884)着眼喜马拉雅山测站积雪开始,到20世纪70年代卫星测量的大范围雪盖资料的问世,直至近几十年来全球气候模式模拟与资料分析的结合,回顾了人们在不同时期对积雪-季风关系的不同认识以及对积雪影响季风的物理过程的不同理解。一方面,积雪通过反照率效应影响温度、温度梯度和大气环流包括季风环流;另一方面,积雪通过融化效应影响大气,特别是增强大气异常信号的持续性。在这些过程中,陆面积雪与大气运动的相互作用是一个正反馈的过程。另外,特别关注不同地区和季节的欧亚大陆积雪对不同亚洲区域季风的不同影响,以及积雪在季风演变过程中对不同阶段季风特征的作用。虽然积雪与季风的关系非常复杂,加深对这些复杂关系的认识,对理解季风系统的整体变化以及改进季风预报都尤为重要。

Relationship between Eurasian cold-season snows and Asian summer monsoons: regional characteristics and seasonality

This paper reviews the progress of research on the relationship between Eurasian cold-season snows and Asian summer monsoons,especially the impact of snow on monsoon evolution and intensity.From Blanford (1884)''s research on snow at the Himalayan station to the appearance of large-scale snow datasets based on satellite measurement since the 1970s,together with the combination of global climate modeling and observational analysis,snow-monsoon relationship and the related physical processes have been investigated extensively.On one hand,snow influences atmospheric temperature,corresponding temperature gradient,and atmospheric circulation through the snow albedo effect.On the other hand,it affects the atmosphere especially the persistency of atmospheric anomalous signals through the snow-melt hydrological effect.There exists a positive interaction between snow and atmospheric circulations in those processes.This paper mainly focuses on various impacts of Eurasian snow at different places and in different seasons on Asian summer monsoons in different regions.It also studies the effects of snow on the characteristics of monsoon evolution at different stages.Revealing those complicated relationships is crucial for better understanding the overall variations of the monsoon system and is useful for improving the seasonal forecast of summer monsoons.