广东红海湾海流季节性特征分析

基于2017年春季和冬季的海流资料分析了红海湾海区海流特征、潮流状况、涨落潮流特性、余流特征及表层漂流特征。研究海域共布设3个临时潮位观测站和11个全潮水文观测站。根据流速、流向过程曲线和潮位过程曲线的关系，得出涨(落)潮流速最大的时刻和最小流速发生时刻与潮位关系并非固定在高(低)潮时或半潮面左右，由此看出，研究海域的潮波介于驻波与前进波之间，属于不规则半日潮流主导的海域。研究海域中大部分站位潮流属于往复流，少数站位潮流运动具有一定的旋转性，平均涨潮流速最大为7 cm/s，平均退潮流速最大为14 cm/s。春季大潮期和中潮期各站余流流向整体为偏东向，小潮期，除少数测站余流流向偏向南东向，其余测站余流流向偏西向；冬季大潮期和中潮期各站余流流向整体为偏西向，小潮期，湾西侧余流流向偏西向，湾东侧余流流向偏南东向。垂向上各层余流流速由表至底逐渐减小，流向基本一致。

Seasonal characteristics of currents in Honghai Bay, Guangdong Province

Based on the current data in spring and winter of 2017, the characteristics of currents, tidal current status, fluctuation tidal currents, residual currents and surface drifts in Honghai Bay are analyzed. Base on the observations at 3 temporary tidal level observation stations and 11 whole tide hydrologic observation stations in the study area, it is found that the relationship between the maximum and minimum velocity of the rising (falling) tidal current and the tidal level is not fixed at the high (low) tide or at the left or right side of the tidal level according to the relationship among the velocity of flow, the curve of flow direction and the curve of tidal level. It can be seen that tidal wave, dominated by the irregular half day tidal current, is located between standing wave and forward wave. The nature of tidal current is mostly reciprocating except for a certain degree of rotation at some sites. The average rising current is up to 7 cm/s and the average backward current is up to 14 cm/s. The residual flow direction during spring tide and mid tide in spring is E-direction generally. During the low tide, the residual flow direction is to the west except for the SE inclining current at a few stations. The residual flow direction is westward as a whole during spring tide and mid tide in winter. In the west of the bay the residual flow directs to the west in contrast to the east of the bay where it flows to the SE. Vertically, the velocity of residual flow decreases gradually from the surface to the bottom and the flow direction is basically the same.