Arsenic in drinking and lung cancer mortality in Taiwan |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;2. Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;3. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;4. Department of Chest Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;5. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;6. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan;7. Center for Occupational and Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;1. Institute for Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany;2. Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia;3. Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;1. Microbial Cells Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore;2. Proteomics Laboratory, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore;1. Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany;2. Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany;1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Microbiology, Changwon National University, Changwon-si 641-773, Republic of Korea;1. National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia;3. Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia |
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| Abstract: | The association between exposure to arsenic in drinking water and lung cancer has been observed in some epidemiology studies, but dose–response data are limited. To assess the dose–response relationship and identify hot spots, we analyzed the national death registry data of Taiwan from 1971 to 2000. We adopted data on 311 townships gathered by a nationwide survey of drinking water and divided arsenic levels into three groups: below 0.05 mg/L, 0.05–0.35 mg/L, and above 0.35 mg/L. Using the direct standardization method to adjust for the effects of age, we calculated the standardized mortality rates of lung cancer in both genders and evaluated their associations with arsenic levels. We also used the geographical information system to identify the hot spots. During the 30-year study period, we identified 64,954 male and 27,039 female lung cancer deaths in the study townships. We found significant increases in lung cancer mortality associated with arsenic levels above 0.35 mg/L in both genders, but the increases associated with levels between 0.05 and 0.35 mg/L were statistically significant in men only. Using both 0.05 and 0.35 mg/L as the cut-offs, we found most of the hot spots were in the southwestern coast and northeastern areas, but the southwestern coast area had some hot spots where the percentages of high risk population were higher than any hot spots in the northeastern area. |
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| Keywords: | Arsenic Drinking water Lung cancer Dose–response Hot spot Mortality |
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