Adsorption studies of aqueous Pb(II) onto a sugarcane bagasse/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;2. Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa;1. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Hungary;2. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Engineering Geology and Geotechnics, Hungary;1. Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria;2. Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria;3. Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa;4. School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa;1. Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India;2. Reverse Osmosis Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India;3. Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, India;1. Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria;2. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria;3. Department of Chemistry, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria;4. Nigerian Agip Oil Company, Port Harcourt, Nigeria;5. Department of Chemistry, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria;6. School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | Adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution onto a sugarcane bagasse/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite was investigated by using a series of batch adsorption experiments and compared with the metal uptake ability of sugarcane bagasse. The efficiency of the adsorption processes was studied experimentally at various pH values, contact times, adsorbent masses, temperatures and initial Pb2+ concentrations. A pH of 4.5 was found to be the optimum pH to obtain a maximum adsorption percentage in 120 min of equilibration time. The composite showed a much enhanced adsorption capacity for Pb2+ of 56.6 mg g−1 compared with 23.8 mg g−1 for bagasse at 28 °C. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm provided the best fit to the equilibrium adsorption data. The pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich kinetics models were used to analyse the rate of lead adsorption and the results show that the Elovich model is more suitable. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption, namely ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°, were determined over the temperature range of 20–45 °C. The adsorption of Pb2+ onto both bagasse and the sugarcane bagasse/MWCNT composite was found to be spontaneous but for the former adsorbent it was enthalpy-driven whereas for the latter it was entropy-driven. Desorption of the lead-loaded adsorbents was fairly efficient with 0.1 mol dm−3 HCl. Overall this composite has the potential to be a good adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ from wastewaters. |
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| Keywords: | Sugarcane bagasse Multi-walled carbon nanotubes Composite Lead Adsorption isotherms Thermodynamic parameters |
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