Scale invariant characteristics of the Storegga Slide and implications for large-scale submarine mass movements |
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| Authors: | Aaron Micallef Christian Berndt Douglas G Masson Dorrik AV Stow |
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| Institution: | 1. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan;2. Department of Geology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;3. IFREE, JAMSTEC, 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan;4. ERI, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan;1. Université Côte d''Azur, OCA, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur UMR 7329, 250 rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France;2. Université Montpellier II, Laboratoire Géosciences Montpellier UMR 5243, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France;3. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France;1. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK;2. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1–3, 24148 Kiel, Germany;3. College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Harrison Building, North Park Road, EX4 4QF, UK;1. State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;4. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy;1. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK;2. Department of Ocean Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA;3. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;4. Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA;5. Center for Applied Coastal Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA;6. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA;7. Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | This study documents the fractal characteristics of submarine mass movement statistics and morphology within the Storegga Slide. Geomorphometric mapping is used to identify one hundred and fifteen mass movements from within the Storegga Slide scar and to extract morphological information about their headwalls. Analyses of this morphological information reveal the occurrence of spatial scale invariance within the Storegga Slide. Non-cumulative frequency-area distribution of mass movements within the Storegga Slide satisfies an inverse power law with an exponent of 1.52. The headwalls exhibit geometric similarity at a wide range of scales and the lengths of headwalls scale with mass movement areas. Composite headwalls are self-similar.One of the explanations of the observed spatial scale invariance is that the Storegga Slide is a geomorphological system that may exhibit self-organized criticality. In such a system, the input of sediment is in the form of hemipelagic sedimentation and glacial sediment deposition, and the output is represented by mass movements that are spatially scale invariant. In comparison to subaerial mass movements, the aggregate behavior of the Storegga Slide mass movements is more comparable to that of the theoretical ‘sandpile’ model. The origin of spatial scale invariance may also be linked to the retrogressive nature of the Storegga Slide. The geometric similarity in headwall morphology implies that the slope failure processes are active on a range of scales, and that modeling of slope failures and geohazard assessment can extrapolate the properties of small landslides to those of larger landslides, within the limits of power law behavior. The results also have implications for the morphological classification of submarine mass movements, because headwall shape can be used as a proxy for the type of mass movement, which can otherwise only be detected with very high resolution acoustic data that are not commonly available. |
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