基于流域盆地面积的郑洛地区史前聚落遗址分析

本文以郑洛地区为研究区域,以裴李岗文化时期、仰韶文化前期、仰韶文化后期和龙山文化时期为时间序列,对研究区域的流域盆地面积与相应的遗址点数量的关系、流域盆地面积与相应的遗址点增长速率的关系,以及各个流域盆地中遗址点分布密度的时空分布特征进行了研究。结果显示：（1）通过相关方法分析,以数字化的形式表明了流域盆地面积与分布的遗址点数量呈显著的正相关关系,且裴李岗文化时期的相关程度与其他3个文化时期相比较小;（2）对各流域盆地内遗址点的变化趋势分析发现,流域盆地面积与分布的遗址点变化趋势呈显著的正相关关系,这也解释了流域盆地黄河流域（B）、伊洛河流域（C）的变化趋势最快的缘由;（3）对各流域盆地内遗址点的分布密度进行分级可发现,在裴李岗文化时期,东部地区遗址点的分布密度大于西部地区,而其他3个文化时期是中西部地区大于东部地区。

Analysis of the Distribution of Prehistoric Settlement Sites in Zhengluo Region Based on the Area of Drainage Basins

Hydrological analysis module supported by GIS extracts information about the hydrological characteristics of research area by using Digital Elevation Model. In this paper, Zhengzhou-Luoyang region is selected as the research area. And Peiligang cultural period, early Yangshao cultural period, later Yangshao cultural period and Longshan cultural period are selected as the time series. The paper uses hydrological analysis to get the information of drainage basins in Zhengluo region, which is proved to be viable and rarely used in previous researches about the relationship between prehistoric settlement sites and drainage basins. According to the information of drainage basins, this paper analyzes its relationship with the spatial distribution of settlement sites in Zhengluo region. Besides, the relationship between the area of the drainage basin and the growth rate of its settlement sites, and the relationship between the area of the drainage basin and the number of its settlement sites are studied in the paper. The above relationships are clearly displayed in a digital way using the correlation analysis. And the results suggest that there is a significant positive correlation between the area of drainage basins and the number of settlement sites. There is also a positive correlation between the area of drainage basins and the change trend of settlement sites. When studying the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of settlement sites in each drainage basin, it can be found that during Peiligang cultural period, the distribution density of settlement sites in the eastern region is greater than the western region. And among the other three cultural periods, the distribution density of settlement sites in the central and western region is greater than the eastern region. Due to the different modes of production, there is a great difference among the residential environment within which the settlement sites are located. As time goes on, people′s dependence on drainage basins is gradually decreasing with the change of the modes of production. Therefore, the research on the relationship between prehistoric settlement sites and drainage basins extracted using the hydrological analysis is highly significant.