浮动车轨迹数据聚类的有向密度方法

为了充分挖掘浮动车轨迹数据的潜在特性,本文在OPTICS空间密度聚类算法基础上,提出了一种有向密度的快速聚类方法(D-OPTICS)。该方法通过扇形空间邻域计算其有向密度信息,并基于方向信息约束其密度可连通性,通过有向可达距离曲线生成数据基本簇,最后,通过空间网格及类簇聚合等优化方法,实现其大规模浮动车轨迹数据的快速聚类处理。通过有向时空数据的聚类分析,发现浮动车轨迹的时空分布特性,以提取复杂路网的结构信息。本文以福州市大规模浮动车轨迹数据,对D-OPTICS进行了系统实验,分析表明,该算法可实现浮动车轨迹数据的快速有向密度聚类分析,有助于挖掘发现时空轨迹数据的分布规律,且基于聚类结果提取了福州市区复杂路网的有向拓扑结构图。同时,与DBSCAN及OPTICS等传统的密度聚类算法进行性能对比,实验表明,D-OPTICS算法能更好地支持大规模浮动车轨迹数据的处理要求。

A Fast Method of FCD Trajectory Data Clustering Based on the Directed Density

Floating car data (FCD), which is the trajectories of vehicles, are automatically collected by huge quantities of commercial vehicles which are equipped with GPS devices. Exploring and exploiting such data is essential to understand the dynamic aggregation patterns of trajectory data. However, the existing methods of spatial density clustering mainly focus on undirected data, and it is difficult to effectively find the characteristics of trajectory data. We contribute to the literatures on FCD trajectory data mining by presenting a novel method called directed density clustering method (D-OPTICS), which is formulated based on the spatial density clustering algorithm (OPTICS). In our method, the directed density is computed by a fan-shaped neighborhood region, and the density connectivity is restrained by its direction information. Then, the base clusters are generated using the curve analysis of reachable distance. Finally, the D-OPTICS cluster method is formed by the optimization method of spatial grid and cluster polymerization. This method can be naturally applied to FCD trajectory data mining, and it is also appropriate for handling other directed spatial data. It can be employed to discover the spatio-temporal distribution characteristic of traffic trajectory, and then be adopted to extract the structure information of complex road network. The experiments, with massive floating car data of Fuzhou city, show that the D-OPTICS can cluster directed spatial data effectively, and is useful to uncover the inherent distribution characteristic of the massive trajectory data. Based on its clustering result, the topology information of road network can be extracted. In this work, we extracted the topology graph for the complex road network of Fuzhou city. The experiment results also show that the algorithm can automatically determine the number of clusters, and it is found that the algorithm is not limited to globular cluster data and is capable to deal with clusters of arbitrary shapes. The key contribution of this method is that it takes the direction information into account and it can also be effective in reducing the problems caused by traditional clustering algorithms which may incorrectly merge or decompose thus naturally produce large clusters and noise data. Meanwhile, the result of performance experiments shows that, compared with DBSCAN and OPTICS, the proposed method is more suitable for large-scale data processing.