干旱区内陆河流域荒漠河岸林群落生态过程与水文机制研究

干旱区内陆河流域生态水文过程研究已成为当今地理学、生态学研究的焦点,是开展生态恢复研究的重要内容。塔里木河下游断流河道的生态恢复是以沿自然河道生态输水为主要形式的,因此,有必要加深对塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林群落生态过程与水文机制的认识。在对塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林植被生态退化及其退化原因分析的基础上,综述了塔里木河下游典型植物生态水位的研究进展,阐述了植物适宜生态水位、胁迫地下水位和临界地下水位研究的阶段性成果,并进一步展望了未来研究的焦点问题。指出了群落生态水位、植被群落与土壤水分、盐分异质性的关系,提出植物水分利用机制是群落生态过程与水文机制研究的核心问题。

Ecological Process of Desert Riparian Forest Communities and Its Hydrological Mechanism of Inland River Basin in Arid Area

Ecohydrological processes in arid inland river is becoming the hot issue in geographic and ecological study and the main contents for the ecological restoration. The ecological restoration in the dry-up river of downstream area in Tarim river basin has been taken by intermittent water deliveries along the natural riverway. To understand the ecological processes and hydrological mechanism of desert forest communities in the downstream riverside is very important. Based on the study of the reasons for ecological degeneration of the desert forest in the downstream riverside, the paper summarized the researching progress on ecological groundwater depths of typical plants in the downstream area, and elaborated the achievement of the suitable ecological water depths, stress groundwater depths and critical groundwater depths for those plants in the downstream area of Tarim river. The paper also pointed out the relationship among ecological water level of communities, forest communities and the heterogeneity of the soil moisture and soil salinity, and indicated that the using mechanism of moisture content of plants is the key issue for the researching of ecological process of forest communities and water mechanism.