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The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer: First results
Authors:SZ Weider  BJ Kellett  BM Swinyard  IA Crawford  KH Joy  M Grande  CJ Howe  J Huovelin  S Narendranath  L Alha  M Anand  PS Athiray  N Bhandari  JA Carter  AC Cook  LC d'Uston  VA Fernandes  O Gasnault  M Wieczorek
Institution:1. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK;2. Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck, Department of Earth Sciences, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;3. RAL Space, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK;4. Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 20015, USA;5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;6. Center for Lunar Science and Exploration, The Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, USA;7. Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3BZ, UK;8. Division of Geophysics and Astronomy, Department of Physics, PO Box 48, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland;9. Indian Space Research Organisation, Bangalore, India;10. Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;11. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;12. Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India;13. Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France;14. CNRS, IRAP, 9 av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France;15. Institute of Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland;p. e2v centre for electronic imaging, PSSRI, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;q. European Space Agency, ESTEC, The Netherlands;r. Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, USA;s. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan;t. Brown University, RI, USA;u. Centre for Sensors and Instrumentation, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK;v. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, 4 Avenue de Neptune, F-94100 Saint Maur des Fossés, France
Abstract:We present X-ray fluorescence observations of the lunar surface, made by the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer during two solar flare events early in the mission (12th December 2008 and 10th January 2009). Modelling of the X-ray spectra with an abundance algorithm allows quantitative estimates of the MgO/SiO2 and Al2O3/SiO2 ratios to be made for the two regions, which are in mainly basaltic areas of the lunar nearside. One of these ground tracks includes the Apollo 14 landing site on the Fra Mauro Formation. Within the 1σ errors provided, the results are inside the range of basaltic samples from the Apollo and Luna collections. The Apollo 14 soil composition is in agreement with the results from the January flare at the 1σ uncertainty level. Discrepancies are observed between our results and compositions derived for the same areas by the Lunar Prospector gamma-ray spectrometer; some possible reasons for this are discussed.
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