国外旅游产业集群的研究与实践及对我国的启示

国外产业集群理论逐步应用到了旅游产业中，对于旅游产业集群的研究和实践也产泛开展。理论研究主要是从功能尺度和空间集聚角度探讨旅游产业集群，实践应用主要从地方旅游业发展战略角度在旅游目的地实施“旅游产业集群战略”和组成合作的“集群组织”；国外对于旅游产业集群的研究也显示出多学科多角度的特征，而且一般是理论和实证相结合的研究范式，而实践中则强调政府的作用和项目组织者对于推进集群内部企业合作性竞争和创新的重要作用。国内对于旅游产业集群的研究刚刚起步，实践也仅是政府在口头上或书面上对于旅游产业集群的关注；因此，借鉴国外理论研究和实践的经验和方法，我国应尽快开展旅游产业集群的实证研究，充分发挥政府对于旅游产业集群的推动作用。

Analysis of Research and Practice on Tourism Cluster from Abroad and its Enlightenment to China

The theory of industrial cluster is applied to tourism industry gradually and the dimension and special angles in theory study. The tourism cluster initiative is carried out in tourism destination from the angle of local tourism development strategy. The researches on tourism cluster show the characteristic of different subject and angles at abroad. The theory research and empirical analysis are combined in researches. It is emphasized that the government, association and organization take the important role in promoting cooperative-competition between businesses and innovation in the practice at abroad. The researches on tourism cluster begin just and some local governments pay attention to the tourism cluster only in their document. So the empirical analysis and the case summary should be carried out as early as possible and the government should give full scope to promote tourism cluster development in our country.