土壤中重金属有效态分析方法研究

土壤中重金属的不同形态决定了对于生物的有效性。自然界的重金属元素参与生态迁移能够被生物吸收利用的部分为生物有效态。土壤重金属可交换态的研究可以为其生物有效态研究提供参考。本文对于土壤中砷、汞、铬、镉、铅和铊的酸溶态、络合态和盐溶态这几种单一提取方式的可交换态的分析方法进行了研究比较,以其提取效率高的为有效态的表现方式,以p H值7.5为土壤酸碱度的界限,建立了土壤中的砷、汞、铬、镉、铅和铊在不同酸碱度下的分析方法。本方法的Cr的方法检出限为4.65ng/g;Cd的方法检出限为0.49ng/g;Pb的方法检出限为9.73ng/g;As的方法检出限为21.89ng/g;Hg的方法检出限为0.30ng/g;Tl的方法检出限为0.54ng/g。采用GBW7412,GBW7413,GBW7416这三个国家一级标准物质样品测得的方法精密度范围6.01%~19.3%。本方法适用于土地质量评估的要求。

Study on analytic method of bioavailable form of heavy metals in soil

Different forms of heavy metals in soil decide their bioavailability. Heavy metals participate in ecological migration in the nature and the part available for absorption and use by organisms is called bioavailable form. Study on exchangeable form of heavy metals in soil can provide a reference for the research of their bioavailable form. This paper compared analytic methods for each single-extraction exchangeable form such as acid-soluble, complex compound, salt-soluble form of As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb and Tl, with the high extraction as bioavailable form, soil pH value 7.5 as a boundary, formed an analytical method for the said heavy metals in soils of different pH values. This method gave a detection limit of Cr 4.65ng/g, Cd 0.49ng/g, Pb 9.73ng/g, As 21.89ng/g, Hg 0.30ng/g, and Tl 0.54ng/g, with the precision in the range of 6.01%-19.3% measured with three State Grade Standard Material samples of GBW7412, GBW7413 and GBW7416, meeting the demand of land quality assessment.