日本对虾人工越冬促熟及育苗技术的研究

本试验是利用海捕日本对虾，根据它的生活习性和生态特点，在室内水泥池内采用模仿自然条件，在不损害其生理机能的情况下，尽可能满足其性腺成熟所需要的生理生态条件的方法，即在自然水温下，采用弱光（在501X以内），雌雄比1：1，池底铺砂（铺砂面积占全面积的1/2，厚度为10～20cm）以及投喂新鲜牡蛎等进行人工越冬促熟。本试验，越冬的水温最低为14．2℃；比重为1．0215～1．0240；pH为8．0～8．5；亲虾越冬池为15m×2m×1m。其结果：越冬亲虾的存活率为85％；成熟率为74％；亲虾的产卵量为15×144～30×104粒；受精率为95％以上；孵化率为90％～95％。试验表明，不采用切除眼柄的方法，同样可达到日本对虾性腺成熟的目的；个体较大（20cm以上），其成熟率和存活率都较高，产卵量亦较多，因此应选用个体大的对虾进行越冬促熟，效果较好。本试验进行了日本对虾生产性育苗，其育苗工艺与其它虾种大同小异。育苗时，幼体的饵料应多样化；当变态进入Z2时，就兼投少量的刚孵出的卤虫幼体，能提高幼体的存活率。采用本方法进行越冬促熟，操作和管理方便，易于在生产上推广应用。

A STUDY ON THE ARTIFICIAL OVERWINTERING ACCELERATION OF MATURITY AND THE TECHNIQUES OF THE LARVA CULTURE OF PENAEUS JAPONICUS

This author has been transferred to Fujian Institute of Oceanology.Penaeus japomcus caught at sea were used in this experiment. According to their living habits and ecological characters, natural conditions were copied in the indoor cement culture ponds and physiological and ecological conditions. were created as much as possible for the maturity of their sexual glands without harming their physiological functions. These include natural water temperatures,dimlight (within 50 1x), 1: 1 proportion of female and male and fresh oysters applied in this artificia1 otcrwintcring acce1eration and sand 10-20cm thick covered halfoF the bottoin of the pond. The owest water temperature for overwintering is 14.2cC. The specific gravity is 1 .0215-1.0240; The value of pH is 8.0-8.5 and the size of the pond for the overwintering parent Penaeus japonicus is 15m x 2m x 1m.The volume of the eggs is 15x 104-30 x 104. The fertilization rate is 95%. The incubation rate is 90-95%. These results show that without the application of eyestalk ablation, we can also mature the sexual glands of Penaeus japonicus. The larger the prawns, the higher their maturity and survival rates and the greater their egg volume. Therefore, it is advisable to chose larger prawns for the overwintering acceleration of maturity.The experiment on the productive larva culture of Penaeus japonicus wat also conducted. The culture technique of this species of the prawn is almost the same as that of other species. In the culture of the larve of Penaeus japonicus the food should be varied. And when the phase of metamorphosis is Z2, a small amount of Artemia Nauplius, just hatched, should be used as their food as well. By so doing,a higher larva survival rate can be obtained.It is easy and convenient to apply this method and so the method can be spread widely in production.