陕西关中全新世以来黄土塬区土壤侵蚀研究

通过对西安市蓝田县白鹿塬、长安区少陵塬以及宝鸡陵塬的土壤侵蚀调查，得出了关中平原全新世以来塬区土壤侵蚀的一些重要规律。研究表明，塬区土壤侵蚀较弱，侵蚀强弱以土层是否缺失或土层的厚度变化为主要依据。塬区普遍表现出塬边侵蚀强，愈向塬里，侵蚀愈弱，而且进人塬内部，侵蚀以低洼地为强，高平地为弱的规律。强烈的沟谷侵蚀实际是洼地侵蚀的一种演变形式。冷干和温湿气候均会产生土壤侵蚀，且全新世冷干期侵蚀的土层厚度比温湿期大约7倍，但这并不代表温湿气候比冷干气候更有利于黄土高原的发育。

Study on Soil Erosion on the Loess Highlands in the Guanzhong Plain,Shaanxi Province since the Holocene Epoch

In this paper, some important issues about soil erosion since the Holocene Epoch in Guanzhong plain, Shaanxi Province, are studied on the basis of the extensive observation and measurement to the Bailu highland in Lantian County, Ling highland in Baoji city and Shaoling highland in Chang'an District. The results show that the soil erosion in the Guanzhong plain has been relatively slight since the Holocene Epoch although the soil erosion still occurs currently. The areas of soil erosion in the highlands are not enlarged, but the change of the thickness of soil layers is significant. The degree of soil conservation can be used to differentiate the serious or slight soil erosion. The soil erosion is serious in the marginal zones of the highlands but slight in the central areas. In the central areas of the highlands, the soil erosion is more serious in the depressions than that in other places. In addition, soil erosion is also affected by climate change, it occurred in both cold-dry periods and warm-humid periods in the Holocene Epoch, and the soil erosion in cold-dry periods was about 7 times of that in warm-humid periods. However, it can not be considered that the warm-humid climate is more advantageous for the development of the Loess Plateau than the cold-dry climate. The impacts of human activities on soil erosion should be paid great attention to, especially in suburbs.