地下水溶质迁移模拟研究进展

在地下水的相关研究中，农药和石油等地下水污染、土地盐碱化、海水入侵等诸多实际问题主要的研究方法都涉及地下水溶质迁移模拟. 相比地下水水流模拟的相对完善，对溶质迁移的模拟比较薄弱且迁移过程本身复杂性较高，目前地下水溶质迁移的研究工作还处在全面发展的阶段. 文中阐述了反映地下水溶质迁移机理和过程的数学模型，综述了溶质迁移模拟在地下水污染物防治、土地盐碱化、海水入侵、石油和放射性废物扩散等问题的诸多应用，归类了目前溶质迁移模拟所使用的对流迁移、对流-弥散模拟等主要数值方法，并对这些方法的优缺点和应用实例做了总结. 最后，分析了目前溶质迁移模拟中存在的不足，展望了未来在参数确定、裂隙介质运移机理和多相介质条件下运移模拟可能取得的突破.

Advances in Groundwater Solute Transport Simulating Research

Research of solute transport modeling in groundwater is related to many practical problems, such as groundwater contaminant of pesticide and petroleum. As compared to relatively complete development of groundwater flow modeling, solute transport modeling within groundwater is more complicated and the study is inadequate. In this paper, the mathematical model of the mechanism/process in groundwater solute transport is demonstrated; the applications of solute transport modelings in groundwater contaminant prevention, land salinization, seawater intrusion and petroleum and radioactive material diffuse-prevention are reviewed; the advection transport and advection-dispersion numerical methodology of solute transport modeling, their advantage/disadvantage and application examples are summarized. Finally, the insufficiency in current study is analyzed, and the breakthrough is expected of parameter determination, transport mechanism within fractured media and solute transport modeling within multi-media in the future.