中国古代温泉旅游景观及其现代启示

温泉在我国古代被广泛用于观光、沐浴、保健等休闲娱乐活动。研究古代温泉旅游景观对现代温泉旅游开发、游览活动和旅游宣传，具有十分重要的借鉴意义。文章在梳理相关温泉史料的基础上，对古代温泉旅游景观的构成要素、形式和特征进行了分析，得出以下结论：古代温泉旅游景观包括单体与组合2种类型。温泉单体景观由泉源、汤涌、汤色、温泉生物等要素组成，属小尺度景观单元；组合景观是以温泉水体为核心和纽带，使水体、山石、建筑及植物与景观之间，通过穿插、渗透、映衬等形成复杂的组合关系。古代一些独特的温泉景观已成为地方名胜，与其他地方名胜形成“八景、十景、十二景”等地域组景，且以“八景”为主，均为四字句组景，并具温泉景观的观感艺术化、突显温泉景观的自然美的特点。古代温泉旅游景观的借鉴作用体现在温泉景区形象塑造、设施建造、活动内容设计、对外宣传等方面。

Tourism Landscape of Hot Springs in Ancient China and Its Modern Implications

Hot springs were wildly used for sightseeing, ablution, health caring and other recreational activities in ancient China. On the basis of systematic survey of the related historical hot spring data, this paper analyses the composing elements, forms and characteristics of ancient hot spring tourism landscapes. The conclusions are as follows: The landscapes of ancient hot spring can be classified into two types including single scenery and composite scenery. The single scenery was small scale hot spring landscape unit, which was composed of springhead, spring water, motion state, color, and hot spring organism, while the composite scenery was a complex of hot spring water, rocks, buildings, and plants, which constituted an integrated beautiful landscape. Some particular hot spring landscapes became local famous scenic spots. In ancient China local people in a region often selected their famous scenic spots to form a group of scenes, known as the Eight Scenes, the Ten Scenes, or the Twelve Scenes, in which hot spring landscapes were usually included. Each scene was always named with a phrase of four Chinese characters, describing the beautiful scenery briefly and artistically, and so the region could be well known for its famous group of scenes. The study of ancient hot spring landscapes would give useful enlightenment to the development and construction of modern hot spring tourism.