崩塌落石产生涌浪的流固耦合运动分析

库区崩塌落石以直接打击和涌浪的形式威胁航道安全。三维流体力学与固体力学耦合分析崩塌落石产生的涌浪是目前该领域的研究热点和未来发展方向。以三峡库区巫峡剪刀峰河道为例，利用Flow-3D首次建立了一个k-ε湍流模型和GMO碰撞模型的流固耦合模型，假定的落石体积为1.2×10⁴ m³。流固耦合分析结果显示:运动物体在陆地斜坡上进行弹跳、翻滚、滑动；进入水体后，其运动受水体严重影响，运动物体将一部分能量传递给水体，能量传递率约为6.54%；水体获得了能量，最大涌浪达到10 m，但衰减很快，至河道中心线时浪高2.4 m，至对岸边浪高为0.89 m。根据涌浪高度大小进行了航道预警分区，建议将预警区北航道线南移350 m左右，航道内涌浪风险将大大降低，航道安全度得到提高。

Fluid-Solid Coupling Kinetic Analysis on Impulsive Wave Generated by Rockfall

Rockfall threats to waterway safety in the form of directly hitting and impulsive in reservoirs. Three-dimensional fluid-solid mechanics coupling analysis is the hot spot in the present and represented future trendence in this research field. The authors take Jiandao Peak valley in Three Gorges Reservoir as the prototype, build a k ε turbulence model coupling with GMO collision model with the help of Flow-3D software, assumed rockfall block amount to 1.2 × 10⁴m³. The result shows that the block bounces, rolls and slides on the slope. After it plunge into water, the water seriously effect its kinetic character, the moving object transfer a part of energy about 6.54% to water bodytransferring. Then the max impulsive wave height can reach 10 m, but it decays quickly, the wave height is 2.4 m in the middle of river and it is 0.89 m in the opposite bank. According to the wave height, the authors divide the riverway into several warning degree region, and suggest that the north waterway move 350 m southward, therefore the risk of waterway will reduce and the water safety will raise.