塔里木河干流区土地利用与生态系统服务价值的变化

根据2005—2010年土地利用数据分析了生态环境脆弱和受人类活动影响强烈的塔里木河干流地区土地利用数量和结构变化特点,修正了谢高地等提出的中国陆地生态系统服务价值系数,结合敏感度分析,探讨了生态服务价值对土地利用变化的响应。结果表明:（1）研究区土地利用类型以草地和其他为主,覆盖率约为65％;2010年天然植被比2005年减少4.37×104 hm2,占总面积的1.04%;耕地面积增加最多,增加幅度为21.70%;高覆盖度草地土地利用类型减少最多,为5.95%;农田面积的不断扩大以林地和草地面积减少为代价。（2）研究区生态系统的服务价值以土壤形成与保护、生物多样性保护和废物处理等功能为主;森林和水体的生态服务价值贡献率占整个系统的80%以上,其次是草地;塔里木河干流2005—2010年土地利用的变化导致生态服务功能的结构发生变化。（3）研究区2005年和2010年总生态服务功能价值分别为137.76×108元和137.98×108元,波动较小;研究区由上游至下游生态系统服务价值存着的明显的由高到低的梯度分布规律,生态环境逐渐退化;生态服务价值相对于生态价值系数缺乏弹性的,说明本研究结果可信,可为区域土地利用效益评价及土地利用规划提供借鉴。

Analysis on Land Use Changes and Ecosystem Services Value in the Area along the Tarim River

In this study, we mainly investigated the area along the Mainstream of the Tarim River, because of the fragility of the ecological environment and the high pressure of human activity in this region. Analysis on the feature of quantity and structure change of land utilization was done by using satellite remote sensing data in 2005-2010, the methods were based on the correction ecosystem service value (ESV) by Xie Gaodi et al. We estimated the value of the land utilizations ecology service as follows: (1) Other land-use patterns and grassland were the two principal land use types in the studied area in 2005 and 2010, with a total coverage of about 65%, the natural vegetation from 2005 to 2010 decreased to 1.04% (4.37×104 hm2), the area of farmland increased by 21.70%, the high coverage grassland land decreased by 5.95%, farmland increased at the cost of vegetation destroying and decreasing. (2)The value of soil formation, biodiversity protection and waste disposal provided by ecosystem was the highest in the studied area. The forest and water area were the main patches to constitute the ecosystem service value. As a whole, the changes of land use pattern lead to changes in the structure of the ecosystem services function in the area along the mainstream of Tarim River in 2005 and 2010. (3) The ecosystem service value in the area along the Mainstream of the Tarim River was 137.76×108 yuan (RMB) in 2005, and 137.98×108 yuan (RMB) in 2010. The ecosystem service value reduced from in the upper to lower reaches of Tarim River. The sensitivity analysis suggested that to estimate the change of regional eco logical service value was practicable and would make a reference for the evaluation of land use benefits and the organization of land use planning.