湘西多民族山区耕地利用效率空间差异分析

以县域为单元, 基于各行政区域2001-2010年的统计数据, 从耕地资源量、耕地集约利用水平、粮耕弹性系数3方面选取10项指标, 构建了耕地利用效率评价指标体系, 并引入"年变化率"的概念与方法, 对湘西多民族山区2001-2010年耕地利用效率的空间差异进行了分析. 结果表明: 总体而言, 湘西多民族山区耕地利用效率比较低, 近年虽有好转迹象, 但县域间的协调度仍处于基本协调或不协调状态. 耕地利用效率的年变化率为21%, 各单项指标的年变化率亦存在较大波动. 在影响耕地利用效率各因子中, 粮食单产、土地产出均为高度相关因素, 而耕地总面积的关联度排在最后. 从空间上看, 湘西北部以及东部地区耕地利用的空间分异较小, 而西部、中部和南部地区的空间分异较大, 可划分为高效高度协调型、高效基本协调型、高效不协调型、中效基本协调型、中效不协调型和低效不协调型等六类地区.

Spatial Difference Analysis of the Cultivated Land Utilization Efficiency in the Minority Nationalities Mountain Areas in West Hunan

The counties are taken as study units in this paper. Based on the statistics in the period of 2001-2010 of each administrative unit, ten indicators from three aspects (cultivated land resources, intensive levels of land use, elastic coefficient of grain farming) are selected and an evaluation index system of cultivated land utilization efficiency is constructed. The concepts and methods of annual variation rate are introduced, and a study is made on the analysis of cultivated land utilization efficiency's spatial difference in the minority nationalities mountain areas in West Hunan from 2001 to 2010. The following conclusions can be drawn. As a whole, the cultivated land utilization efficiency of minority nationalities mountain areas in West Hunan is relatively low, but a signal of improvement has presented in recent years, such as the cultivated land utilization efficiency has risen a lot, about 21%, together with oscillation in the annual change rate of individual indexes. The coordination degree between various indicators is getting better, but still in the state of uncoordinated or basic coordinated. From correlation analysis, it is found that among the factors influencing the cultivated land utilization efficiency, grain yield and output value are highly association factors (the degree of association are all greater than 0.9), but the degree of association of total cultivated area is the last one (the degree of association is less than 0.5). Spatial variation of cultivated land utilization efficiency is small in northwestern and eastern Hunan, but is great in western, middle and southern Hunan. Accordingly, six areas can be divided. They are high efficient and high harmony area, high efficient and basic harmony area, high efficient but inharmonious area, middle efficient and basic harmony area, middle efficient and inharmonious area, and low efficient and inharmonious area.