空气中致敏花粉的定量研究

空气中的某些致敏花粉能引发一些人的呼吸道疾病或皮肤疾病，本文根据库尔风标花粉仪采集到的空气孢粉， 对北京、禹城、桃源3 个台站的全年空气孢粉进行定量分析，提出这些地区空气中主要的致敏花粉类型及其在一年中最高花粉浓度出现的时间。根据致敏花粉的浓度、比重、半径和成年人每周平均吸入的空气量， 进而计算出成年人在致敏花粉最大传粉期的一周内吸入的致敏花粉重量， 从而可为致敏花粉症的防治提供定量资料。研究结果显示， 位于华北平原的北京和禹城最主要的致敏花粉是蒿属和禾本科花粉，属于夏秋型致敏花粉。北京地区蒿属花粉分布在4～10 月， 高峰在8～9 月， 禾本科花粉的高峰期在9 月份。禹城地区粮食作物较多， 禾本科植物花粉的高峰在6 月份。桃源位于亚热带气候区， 主要的致敏花粉是春季型的杉属、夏秋型的大麻属和蒿属， 其中杉属花粉量很大， 主要在3 月份， 大麻属及蒿属浓度最高的一周出现在9 月份。

Quantative Study of Airborne Allergic Pollen

Certain airborne allergic pollen can cause respiratory tract disease or skin disease to some people. This paper conducts a quantative analysis on year round airborne pollen collected by using Cour's interceptor from three experimental stations in Beijing, Yucheng and Taoyuan and identifies principal airborne allergic pollen types in these areas and the occurrence time of maximum pollen concentration in a year. Based on concentration, proportion, and radius of allergic pollen as well as volume of air inhaled by adults per week averagely, the amount of allergic pollen inhaled within a week by adults during the maximum pollinating period can be further calculated so as to provide quantitative data for prevention and control of allergic pollen disease. Research results indicated that the most important allergic pollen in Beijing and Yucheng of North China Plain includes that of Artemisia and Gramineae plants, belonging to summer-autumn type of allergic pollen. Pollen of Artemisia plants in Beijing area is found to be distributed in April to October, and peak occurs in August to September whereas peak of Gramineae pollen is in September. Since grain crops grow more extensively in Yucheng district, peak of Gramineae plant pollen occurs in June. The principal allergic pollen in Taoyuan locating in subtropical climatic zone consists of spring type Cunninghamia, summer-autumn type Canabis and Artemisia. Of which the amount of Cunninghamia pollen is very great, distributing mainly in March, the week observed the highest pollen concentration of Canabis and Artemisia plants is in September.