基于能量测量的声呐渗流矢量法及其应用

为准确测定天然流场和人工流场下的地下水渗漏隐患，从能量测量的角度提出了一种水文地质测井的新方法——声呐渗流矢量法，系统地介绍了该方法的基本理论、原型仪器和测试步骤等内容。以时差法测量原理为基础，融合了矢量声呐技术、航空定向技术、压力传导技术、GPS定位等多种新技术，自主研发了声呐渗流测量仪及其显控软件，能够准确测定渗漏部位、渗漏通道以及流速、流向、流量等量化指标。并以富水地层地下连续墙基坑为工程案例，建立三维可视化渗流场成像系统，揭示三维空间渗流场分布特征，动态指导基坑渗控设计和堵漏处理，通过复测验证堵漏处理效果。结果表明：声呐渗流矢量法能够实现地下工程渗漏缺陷精准定位，在无强噪声干扰的情况下，检测结果完全满足工程渗控需要；提出以渗透流速为主、单孔渗流量和渗透系数为辅的基坑渗漏风险预警分级判定指标；结合地质勘察、监测预警、现场巡查、应急处置等手段，与其他方法相互验证，提前采取处理措施，有效规避渗漏水风险。

Sonar seepage vector method based on energy measurement and its application

In order to measure the hidden danger of groundwater leakage under natural and artificial flow fields accurately, a new method of hydrogeological logging—sonar seepage vector method is proposed from the point of view of energy measurement. The basic principle, prototype instrument and measurement procedure are introduced systematically. Based on the principle of time difference measurement, the sonar seepage measurement instrument and display and control software have been developed independently, which combine many new technologies such as vector sonar technology, aeronautical orientation technology, pressure conduction technology and GPS locating technology. The sonar seepage measuring instrument can accurately determine the leakage location, leakage passage, flow velocity, flow direction, flow rate and other quantitative indicators. The foundation pit of diaphragm wall in water-rich stratum is studied as an engineering case. The three-dimensional visualized imaging system of seepage field is established to reveal the distribution of three-dimensional seepage field so as to dynamically guide seepage control design of foundation pit, leakage treatment. The effect of leakage treatment is verified by repetition test. The results show that sonar seepage vector method can locate leakage defects in underground engineering accurately, and the test results meet the needs of seepage control in engineering fully in the absence of strong noise interference. The early warning and grading criteria of leakage risk for foundation pit are put forward, which are mainly based on seepage velocity and supplemented by single hole seepage flow rate and permeability coefficient. At the same time, treatment measures must be taken in advance for avoiding leakage risk effectively by combining geological survey, monitoring, in-site inspection, emergency disposal with other means and mutually validation.