典型岩溶流域不同地貌类型景观结构分析——以云南小江流域为例

利用2003年小江流域的TM影像，结合实地调查，再根据流域地质分布和地貌发育情况，将流域地貌类型划分为岩溶地貌和非岩溶地貌两个一级类型景观，在此基础上，根据地貌发育程度结合高程情况，将岩溶区又划分为6个岩溶景观，非岩溶地貌分为两个二级类型景观。应用景观生态学原理，并通过Fragstats 3．3软件在流域尺度上计算了一些相关指标。结果表明：岩溶区的景观生态特征总体上体现了其生态环境的特殊性和脆弱性，地表水资源溃乏，土层薄、土壤资源零星分布且易流失，造成未利用地面积大，石漠化现象严重，土地利用程度低的特点。非岩溶区景观生态由于耕地和林地占绝对优势，石漠化面积少，香农多样性指数和均匀度低，景观的异质性较低，结构较为简单。

STUDY ON THE STRUCTURAL LANDSCAPE OF DIFFERENT LANDFORMS IN TYPICAL KARST WATERSHED——A CASE OF XIAOJIANG WATERSHED OF YUNNAN PROVINCE,CHINA

On the basis of TM image of Xiaojiang watershed and field investigation, as well as according to the geological distribution and the situation of landform growth, the paper divided the types of watershed landform into two landscapes. One is karst landform and the other is non-karst landform. Then combining with landform growth and elevation situation, we divided the karst areas into six karst landscapes, and non-karst areas into two non- karst landforms. We have calculated some correlative indices by Fragstats 3.3 on the watershede hierarchy, with the landscape ecology principle. The results indicate that, on one hand, characteristics of landscape ecology in the karst areas has manifested its ecological environment particularity and the vulnerability on the whole, and the deficiency of surface water resources, the thin soil layer, and easy to be eroded, as well as soil resources fragmentary distributed, So it causes the area of unused land more large, serious phenomenon of karst rocky desertification, and low degree of land utilization. On the other hand, cultivated land and forest land are the absolute superiority in non-karst landscape. The areas of karst rocky desertification are small. So it caused the low heterogeneity and simple structure of landscape.