Utilization of sodium waterglass from sugar cane bagasse ash as a new alternative hardener for producing metakaolin-based geopolymer cement |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Applied Inorganic Chemistry, University of Yaounde I, Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, PO. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon;2. Institut für Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany;3. Local Materials Promotion Authority, P.O. Box: 2396, Nkolbikok, Yaoundé, Cameroon;4. Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;1. College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, China;1. UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus de Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil;2. ICITECH – Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain;1. ICITECH – GIQUIMA Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain;2. UNESP – Grupo de Pesquisa MAC – Materiais Alternativos de Construção, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil;1. UFES – Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Civil Engineering, Brazil;2. ICITECH – GIQUIMA Group – Grupo de Investigación en Química de los Materiales de Construcción, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Hormigón, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain;3. UNESP – Grupo de Pesquisa MAC – Materiais Alternativos de Construção, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Materials Analysis Laboratory, MIPROMALO, P.O. Box 2396, Yaoundé, Cameroon;2. Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF 37 1DL, UK;3. Physico-chemistry of Mineral Materials Laboratory, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon |
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| Abstract: | Sugar cane bagasse ash from SOSUCAM company in Cameroon was used to synthesize sodium waterglass as a new alternative hardener. The new hardener was used to prepare metakaolin-based geopolymer cements. The compressive strength of the resulting geopolymer cement cured at room temperature for 28 days was 32.9 MPa. Samples soaked for 28 days in water in parallel experiments revealed a strength of 31.4 MPa. This shows that exposure of water does not lead to any weakening. The value of water absorption was 7.1% in the water-soaked cements, indicating the presence of fewer pores and voids than in the dry cements. However, in SEM micrographs, the microstructure of geopolymer cement appears rather homogeneous and compact without any change by water soaking. It can thus be concluded that sodium waterglass from sugar cane bagasse ash can be used as an alternative hardener or reactive ingredient for producing geopolymer cement with a high degree of cross-linking geopolymer framework. The use of this low-value silica-rich waste for producing sodium waterglass results in environmental benefits including a significant reduction of CO2 emission and energy consumption compared to the production of commercial sodium waterglass. |
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| Keywords: | Sugar cane bagasse ash Sodium hydroxide Sodium waterglass Geopolymer cements Water resistance |
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