Scottish early Holocene vegetation dynamics based on pollen and tephra records from Inverlair and Loch Etteridge,Inverness-shire |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK;2. Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, UK;1. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK;2. Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 6E1, Canada;3. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada;4. Department of Physical Science, Concord University, Athens, WV 24712, USA;5. Department of Biology, State University of New York at Geneseo, 1 College Circle, Geneseo, NY 14454, USA;1. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 – Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;2. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, BIK-F, TSP6 Evolution and Climate, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany;3. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.3 – Chemistry and Physics of Earth Materials, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;4. Faculty of Earth Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Strulugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;5. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, GEOMAR, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany;6. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Department of Environmental Resources and Geohazards, Kopernika 19, Torun 87-100, Poland;1. Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK;2. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;3. Department of Geography, The University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK;1. Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK;2. School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK;3. Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, UK;1. Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK;2. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;3. Department of Geography, The University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents the results of an investigation of early Holocene cryptotephra layers recovered from sediments in two kettle-hole basins at Inverlair (Glen Spean) and Loch Etteridge (Glen Fernisdale). Electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) of shards from two cryptotephra layers revealed that the uppermost layer in both sequences has a composition similar to the An Druim tephra, first reported from a site in Northern Scotland. We present evidence that distinguishes the An Druim from the chemically very similar early Holocene Ashik tephra. The lowermost layer at Inverlair matches the composition of the Askja-S tephra found in the Faroe Islands, Ireland, Sweden, Germany and Switzerland. This is the first published record of the Askja-S tephra from mainland Scotland. As at other sites, the Askja-S seems to mark a short-lived climatic deterioration, most likely the Pre-Boreal Oscillation: at Inverlair it occurs just above an oscillation represented by a reduction in LOI values and in the abundance of Betula pollen, and by a peak in Juniperus pollen. The lowermost layer at Loch Etteridge has a Katla-type chemistry and extends through the upper part of the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas/GS-1) Stadial to the Stadial/Holocene transition; it may represent a composite layer which merges the Vedde and Abernethy tephras. One of the key conclusions is that the glacial-melt deposits in the vicinity of Inverlair (kames and kame terraces) were ice-free by c. 10.83 ka (the age of the Askja-S), providing a limiting age on the disappearance of LLR ice in Glen Spean. |
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| Keywords: | Loch Lomond/Younger Dryas Stadial Vedde Ash Askja-S tephra Abernethy tephra An Druim tephra Ashik tephra Early Holocene vegetation dynamics Deglaciation in Glen Spean |
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