多区域投入产出分析下中国水足迹地区间比较——基于经济区域分析层次

基于经济区域分析层次，采用多区域投入产出分析法、锡尔指数空间差异分解与伪基尼系数差异成因分解方法，探寻我国水足迹总量、部门结构及相关指标的经济区域间和区域内省区间异同点及差异成因，并列出我国特色水安全保障体系构建中有必要调整用水的地区。结果表明：（1）经济区域间和区域内省区间差异对中国水足迹总体空间差异的贡献率相差甚微。（2）西北、中部、西南区域水足迹高于中国其他区域，农林牧渔业人均水足迹、人口数量区域间差异是水足迹经济区域间差异的主要成因；北部沿海区域和西北区域的第一产业水足迹、其他区域的食品制造及烟草加工业水足迹，是当地水足迹重要组成部分。（3）中国各经济区域内水足迹省区间差异的最主要贡献因子存在一定异同，这些因子本身均主要源于其对应部门人均水足迹省区间差别；各省区水足迹部门结构有所异同。（4）东北区域（尤其黑龙江）、京津区域（尤其天津）、山东、上海、海南、宁夏、重庆、山西“很有必要”调整用水，而北部沿海区域（不含山东）、东部沿海区域（不含上海）、西北区域（不含宁夏）、云南、江西调整用水的必要性次之。

Regional comparison of water footprint in China based on the multi-regional input-output analysis: in the analytical level of economic regions

Based on the analytical level of economic regions,applying the multi-regional input-output analysis,Theil index spatial difference decomposition method and pseudo-Gini coefficient difference causes decomposition method,the water footprint similarities,differences and the difference genesis are unearthed in the scale of both the inter-economic region and the inter-province in each economic regions,from three aspects of total amount,department structure and relevant index,accompanied by the regions where water use is necessary to adjust in the water security system with Chinese characteristics.The results show that:(1) The contribution of inter-economic region divergence and the inter-province difference in each economic region are almost the same to the overall spatial variation of water footprint in China.(2) The water footprint in the northwest,middle and southwest regions are higher than that in any other economic regions.Both the inter-region divergence of per capita water footprint in the agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery and that of the population are the main cause of water footprint difference among economic regions.The water footprint of primary industry in the north coast region and northwest region and that of food manufacturing and tobacco processing industries in other regions are,respectively,the main component of the water footprint in the corresponding region.(3) There are similarities and differences among the most contributors of the inter-province water footprint difference in each economic region.While most contributors of them come from the inter-province divergence of the corresponding department per capita water footprint.Some similarity and differences are also shown in the structures of the departments in provincial water footprint.(4) It is greatly necessary to adjust water use in northeast region (especially Heilongjiang),Beijing-Tianjin region (especially Tianjin),Shandong,Shanghai,Hainan,Ningxia,Chongqing and Shanxi,while it is less necessary to adjust water use in the northern coastal region (except Shandong),the eastern costal region (except Shanghai),the northwest region (except Ningxia),followed by Yunnan and Jiangxi.