浅议旅游洞穴灯光植物的危害及防治

伴随旅游洞穴照明设施和洞穴游览活动而出现的灯光植物,导致钟乳石硬度、颜色发生改变,洞穴原有的生态系统发生变异,洞穴人文景观遭到破坏,降低了洞穴景观的美学价值、科学价值和历史文化价值,不利于旅游洞穴的可持续发展。对没有出现灯光植物的旅游洞穴,应防患于未然,采取必要的措施进行预防:通过在旅游洞穴洞口设置“双重门”、吸尘器,或在洞穴游道两边设置泡沫等,阻止植物孢子、种子进入洞穴空间;定期清理旅游洞穴内的垃圾和泥土,减少旅游洞穴灯光植物的养分;改善旅游洞穴灯光光谱、光照度,减少洞穴内灯光的光照时间,以抑制或杀死灯光植物。对于已经生长了灯光植物的旅游洞穴,应采取包括人工铲除、高温蒸汽喷射、高温热水浇洒、紫外光照射等物理方法,和向灯光植物喷洒甲醛、除草剂、硫酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、双氧水、漂白粉,或用稀释的化学药水清洗等化学方法进行处理(其中次氯酸钙的效果最好);此外,一些新技术手段,如利用纳米TiO2光催化氧化技术也可以用于灯光植物的治理。 

A primary study on hazards, prevention and control of lampenflora in tourist cave

Lampenflora, growing in tourist caves with the installing of lighting system and tourism activities, will reduce stalactites hardness and change stalactites color, change the native ecosystems, damage the human landscape, decrease the aesthetic value and science value as well as history and cultural values, which goes against sustainable development of tourist caves. The following measures should be taken to nip in the bud before the appearance of lampenflora in tourist caves: preventing spores and seeds entering caves by installing “double door" and vacuum cleaner at the cave entrance or setting foam on both sides of tour route; cleaning litter and soil regularly to reduce nutrients needed by lampenflora growth; improving the spectrum and illumination intensity, and reducing the light duration to inhibit or kill the lampenflora. For tourist caves where lampenflora have grown, physical control, chemical control or other new technology methods should be used. Physical methods include uprooting, high temperature steam jet, hot-water sprinkle and UV irradiation. Chemical control mainly refers to spraying chemical reagents on lampenflora, such as formaldehyde, herbicides, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, bleach and so on, or cleaning lampenflora by diluted chemical solution. And calcium hypochlorite has the best effect. There are also other new techniques, e.g., applying nano-TiO2 photo catalytic oxidation technology to control lampenflora.