20世纪中国铁路网扩展及其空间通达性

作者设计了运输距离Di和通达性系数等度量交通网络通达性的指标，并以“最短路模型”为基础，分析了100年来中国铁路交通网络的发展以及由此引起的通达性空间格局的变化。结果显示，中国铁路网络结构的演化经历了起步、筑网、延伸、优化4个阶段，但空间扩展的速度相对缓慢。路网扩展和原有路网优化是通达性提高的主要方式；100年铁路建设导致“空间收敛”效果显著。通达性空间格局呈现同心圈层结构，由华北区向四周辐射；且通达性高于全国平均水平的范围也由华北向华东区、中南区扩展，交通中心由天津向郑州逐渐转移。铁路的建设推动了社会经济空间结构的演化，运输走廊的现代化将推动空间经济轴线进一步强化。

Railway Network Expansion and Spatial Accessibility Analysis in China: 1906~2000

In this paper, the indexes and models are used to measure the accessibility of transport network, such as total transport distance Di and accessibility coefficient. On the basis of "The Shortest Route Model", the evolution of railway network, changes of the spatial structure in accessibility, the relationship between railway network distribution and spatial economic growth in the past several hundred years in China are analyzed. The results show that the evolution of railway network in China experienced 4 stages, i.e., initial stage, constructing stage, extending stage and optimizing stage, but the speed of spatial expanding is relatively slow. One hundred years' construction of railway leads to "time-space convergence". The spatial structure of accessibility displays "different circles with one core", and radiates from North China to the surroundings. The area, higher than the national average level in accessibility, expands from North China to East China and Central China, and the center of accessibility moved from Tianjin to Zhengzhou gradually.