Shaking table tests modelling small diameter pipes crossing a vertical fault |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Geotechnics Section, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK;2. Geotechnical Engineering Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan;1. Department of Structural Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;1. Department of Earthquake Engineering, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Department of Earthquake and Structural Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Turkey;3. Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, US;4. Sharma & Associates, Inc., Countryside, IL, US;5. Department of Engineering,University of Roma Tre, Italy;6. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Renssealer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY, US;1. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 2, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Civil Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Structural Engineering, Building & Housing Research Center (BHRC), Tehran, Iran;3. Research Bureau, Tehran Province Gas Company, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Local gas pipelines provide a valuable resource to urban areas and are often forced to cover unfavourable ground conditions in order to form a serviceable network. This can force pipelines through soil, which is subjected to permanent ground displacements due to faulting and strong vibrations due to earthquakes. Due to the inseparability of faulting from earthquakes it is pertinent to examine the combined effect of dynamic vibration and shear deformation of the surrounding soil on buried pipelines and a better understanding of the factors affecting pipe response to these inputs will enable more intelligent design of future pipe networks with the intention of reducing damage inflicted on pipes in extreme events. To advance understanding of this topic, a series of model experiments were performed under 1 g conditions on instrumented 20 mm diameter acrylic prototype pipes buried in dry Toyoura sand as well as a tyre derived aggregate (TDA) backfill trench surrounded by Toyoura sand crossing a vertical fault. The apparatus setup allowed faulting and dynamic input to be applied simultaneously to the model, which revealed that the simultaneous loading reduces the bending of a pipe and that installation of a pipe in a tyre derived aggregate backfill reduces the bending moment experienced by the pipe by up to 74% for small fault displacement and low levels of acceleration. |
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