On the distribution of fluids in folds: A review of controlling factors and processes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physics and Earth Science, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050-4010, USA;2. Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2854, USA;1. Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí I Franquès S/n, Barcelona, 08028, Spain;2. Group of Dynamics of the Lithosphere (GDL), Geosciences Barcelona, GEO3BCN-CSIC, Lluís Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;3. UMR 8148 CNRS GEOPS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France;4. Caltech, Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA, USA;5. Department of Geosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;6. Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center (FIERCE), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;7. Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad Del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain;1. Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;2. Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK;3. Reservoir Development, BP, Chertsey Road, Sunbury-on-Thames TW16 7BP, UK;1. Sa Tórtora 8, 17488 Cadaqués, Girona, Spain;2. Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;2. Key Laboratory for Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Abundance Mechanism, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;3. Key Laboratory for Shale Gas Exploitation and Assessment, Ministry of Land and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;4. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Growing macroscale fold structures are one of the most dynamic and complex systems in geology, where during fold growth pore fluid pressure, fluid temperature, and fluid composition (PTX) conditions do not remain static but instead vary continually at all points within the deforming fold such that no two points within the fold will have the same deformation or fluid history. These PTX conditions in turn directly affect fluid storage and mobility as well as rock strength, which has direct feedback on the mechanical development of the fold. In this review, we first outline the research methodologies that have yielded significant insights, and review four examples of well-constrained fold-related fluid systems. We then discuss the fluid-related, fold-related, and mesoscopic deformation processes that are relevant to fold-related fluid systems. Finally, we close by presenting several conceptual models for fold-related fluid system structure, and highlighting key areas for future work. |
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