沙坡头生态水文学研究进展及水量平衡自动模拟监测系统

在中国科学院野外站网络重点科技基础设施建设项目的支持下，沙坡头沙漠研究试验站建成了以36台大型称重式蒸渗仪为主体的中国北方不同气候带沙区水量平衡自动模拟监测系统——Lysimeter群。概述了沙坡头生态水文学研究进展。介绍了Lysimeter群建设的科学目标、构建思路、建设内容和预期研究方向。Lysimeter群由大型称重式蒸渗仪、各类探头、移动大棚和降水模拟器等组成，具有集成性和唯一性。该平台可全自动模拟控制降水和地下水位，量化植物水分来源；自动监测蒸散发、植物蒸腾、土壤水渗漏、土壤水分、温度和电导率等。该平台的建成将提升在不同尺度上认知中国沙区生态和水文过程、植被重建的生态水文学和环境胁迫生理生态学机理等相关领域的研究能力，回答不同沙区土壤水分植被承载力和人工植被稳定性维持的生态水文阈值等国家在防沙治沙实践中所面临的核心科学问题。

Introduction of Eco-hydrological Research and Auto-simulating and Monitoring System of Water Balance in Desert Regions in the Northern China

Funded by the project of key scientific and technological infrastructure construction of field stations network of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the auto-simulating and monitoring system of water balance in desert regions in the northern China-lysimeter group, based on 36 large weighting lysimeters, were building in Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station. The paper introduced the scientific target, construction idea and contents, and anticipated research direction based on the lysimeter group. The lysimeter group is composed of the large weighting lysimeters, various types of probes, the moving greenhouse and precipitation simulators, has characterized by integration and uniqueness. The platform can(1) automatically simulate and control precipitation intensity and ground water table, and quantify plant water sources;(2) automatically monitor evapotranspiration, plant transpiration, soil water leakage, and moistures, temperatures and conductivities in soil profile as well;and(3) periodically be investigated plant growth and collected soil solution. The establishment of platform will uplift our research capabilities of multi-scale knowledges on ecological and hydrological processes in desert regions of the northern China, and the mechanisms of ecohydrology and environmental stress physiological ecology. It will answer the key scientific issues in the prevention and control of desertification in China, such as soil water carrying capacity of vegetation and ecohydrological threshold of the stability of sand-binding revegetation in different climatic desert zones. The advances of eco-hydrological research in the Shapotou statotion was also introduced.