基于GIS的沙漠化土地面积遥感分析监测

本文利用2000年的TM数据,经过图像增强、合成、几何精纠正、镶嵌和分割,以1∶10万地形图分幅标准,在微机Windows的ARC/INFO软件平台上,人机交互解译,最终获得2000年全国各省的沙漠、沙地和沙漠化土地面积。土地覆盖类型采用二级分类系统,第一级分为6大类:耕地、林地、草地、水域、建设用地和未利用土地。TM解译结果表明,于2000年,新疆维吾尔自治区、内蒙古自治区、青海省和甘肃省的沙漠、沙地和沙漠化土地面积分别为:79361263hm²、58570586hm²、18917225hm²和12340694hm²。面对中国局部生态环境得到改善但整体上土地荒漠化面积每年都在扩大的现实,利用遥感手段快速准确地监测国土荒漠化面积,对政府决策整治防护有重要意义。

Monitoring Desertification by Remote Sensing in China

In this paper, after image enhancement, composite, geometric rectification, mosaic, and subset based on 1∶100 000 topographic maps, TM data covered whole China was used under ARC/INFO software run in WINDOWS on the microcomputer, by digitally interpretation with individual menu, finally added up desert, sandy land and desertified land area in different provinces of China in 2000. Land cover type adopted three levels of classification system, the first level was classified into six classes: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water body, construction land and non-used land. TM data interpretation results showed desert, sandy land and desertified land area separately were 9 361 263 hm², 58 570 586 hm², 18 917 225 hm², and 12 340 694 hm² in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province and Gansu Province in 2000. Facing the fact that regional ecological environment has been improved, but on the whole the desertified land area is increasing every year in China, so quick and correct report of land desertified area to government by remote sensing technology has great significance to help making decisions.