扎龙保护区湿地扰动因子及其影响研究

扎龙湿地的扰动因子有气候、洪水、火、水利工程、农业活动等因子。这些扰动因子给湿地带来了正反两方面的作用,而扎龙湿地在扰动因子的作用下,导致湿地面积减小、生物多样性降低、水质污染、景观破碎等,进而导致湿地功能下降,生态环境严重恶化。对湿地扰动因子进行分析,掌握它们的作用过程和发生机理,对湿地的利用、保护以及恢复重建具有重要的意义。

Study on Perturbation Factors and Their Influence on Zhalong Wetland

There are many perturbation factors on Zhalong wetlands, they include climate、flood pulsing 、fire、 project construction、farming and grazing. With these action of perturbation factors, Zhalong wetland have been changed greatly, including decrease of wetland area、loss of biodiversity、 contamination of water quality、fragmentation of landscape and so on. Climate influences wetland by the variation of temperature and precipitation, now Zhalong wetland has less rain and a little high temperature than average years, it will lead to the lack of water on Zhalong wetland. Flood has positive influences on wetland, such as supplying water、controlling salinization、improving soil fertility, at the same time flood has negative influences, such as soil erosion、water contamination and habitat destroy. Fire is an important factor which has brought bad effect on Zhalong wetland, it will burn up reed and even harm the root of reed, at last it will result in land salinization where fire touches. Farming and grazing activities become more and more common in Zhaong Reserve. Inning and grazing will destroy seed storage of wetland、bring about soil erosion and sanilization、decrease life diversity and so on. On Zhalong wetland there are many projections, such as ditch and road, these projections lead to fragmentation of landscapes, we often call the phenomenon "landscape island". "landscape island" will obstruct connections between rivers and change form of current, furthermore it will influence fish. At the same time projection construction and resident activities will disturb value birds and lead to the decrease of value bird. In fact these perturbation factors often act on wetland synthetically so that process and mechanism of wetland become more complex. In a word because of the influence of perturbation factors, Now Zhalong wetland function has been declining and ecological environment has been destroyed greatly. Analyzing perturbation factors and understanding their action process and mechanism will have far-reaching influence on utilization、protection and restoration of Zhalong wetland.