Tebuthiuron leaching in three Brazilian soils as affected by soil pH |
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Authors: | Autieres Teixeira Faria Matheus Freitas Souza Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus Passos Antonio Alberto da Silva Daniel Valadão Silva José Cola Zanuncio Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Rocha |
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Institution: | 1.Departamento de Fitotecnia,Universidade Federal de Vi?osa,Vi?osa,Brazil;2.Centro de Ciências Agrárias,Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido,Mossoró,Brazil;3.Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo,Alegre,Brazil;4.Departamento de Entomologia,Universidade Federal de Vi?osa,Vi?osa,Brazil;5.Centro de Ciências Agrárias,Universidade Federal de Roraima,Boa Vista,Brazil |
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Abstract: | Underground contamination water by herbicides depends on the interactions between their molecules with physical and chemical soil characteristics and climatic conditions. Studies with columns can estimate the leaching potential of herbicides in soils. This study aimed to determine the effect of soil pH on tebuthiuron leaching, and capacity of bioindicators to detect tebuthiuron residues in three Brazilian soils. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were more negatively affected when grown in soils with lower amounts of organic matter and clay, and in these soils, the tebuthiuron levels reached greater depths in the column. There was a positive correlation between tebuthiuron concentration and cucumber intoxication, and a negative correlation between tebuthiuron concentration and dry matter cucumber in all soils. The tebuthiuron leached up to 50 cm depth even in soils with higher organic matter and clay content. The increasing of soil pH can affect the leaching of nonionic herbicides, and liming practice may elevate the environmental contamination risk by tebuthiuron. The bioindicator method using Cucumis sativus is viable and can be recommended to detect tebuthiuron concentrations above 0.2 mg kg?1. |
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