GPS/Pwv资料在强对流天气系统中的特征分析

应用GPS探测的可降水水汽资料Pwv对上海地区2002～2005年强对流的水汽变化特征进行了分析。分析表明：每30分钟一次的GPS/Pwv资料能直观地、及时地反映大气中水汽的时间变化和空间变化;GPS/Pwv资料随时间的演变特征与降水有较好的对应关系,不同的季节及不同的降水类型有着不同的分布特征;GPS/Pwv的散度资料可以反映大气中水汽的辐合、辐散分布情况。文章还给出了不同季节产生强对流天气的GPS/Pwv阈值,表明GPS/Pwv资料在强对流天气预报方面有一定的应用价值。

Application of GPS/Pwv Data to Forecast Strong Convection Weather in Shanghai

Based on the Precipitable Water Vapor （PWV） data from GPS, the water vapor variation characteristics of severe convection in Shanghai from 2002 to 2005 was analyzed. The result showed that the GPS/PWV data of every 30 minutes can reflect the temporal and spatial variation of water vapor in atmosphere directly and in time; the temporal changing characteristics of GPS/PWV data had corresponding relations with precipitation with the different distribution characteristics in the different seasons and the different precipitation types; the gradient divergence of GPS/ PWV showed the distributions of the convergence and divergence of atmospheric vapor. The seasonal thresholds of GPS/ PWV related to heavy rain were also given in the text, which indicated that GPS/ PWV data was useful in forecasting heavy rain in some extent.