基于探空资料的58a新疆高空大气比湿气候特征分析

利用1961—2018年新疆12个探空气象站逐日观测资料，分析了新疆对流层850、700和500 hPa比湿的气候特征，结果表明：新疆大气比湿呈自西向东、自南向北递减分布，随高度增加而减小分布特征，新疆比湿远小于东亚季风区；新疆夏季比湿最大，其次为秋季、春季，冬季最小，850hPa和500hPa新疆各站之间比湿差异较大，而700hPa各站比湿差异较小；对流层850、700和500 hPa比湿均表现为线性上升趋势，并有1967-1986年偏干、1987-2005年偏湿的特征，1987年为突变点；对流层850、700和500 hPa比湿与降水均呈显著正相关关系；夏季暴雨天气对流层中低层比湿最大，发生暴雨时比湿约为气候平均1—2倍，夏季暴雨的动力和不稳定条件更关键，新疆暴雨天气时的比湿比东亚季风区显著偏小；冬季暴雪天气比湿是一年中最小的，春秋季强降水比湿介于夏、冬季之间，但可达气候平均的2—3倍，春秋季需要更多的水汽产生强降水。

Analysis of the climatic characteristics of atmosphere specific humidity in Xinjiang in 58a based on radiosonde observation data

Based on the daily observation data of 12 radiosonde weather stations in Xinjiang from 1961 to 2018,The troposphere 850, 700 and 500 in Xinjiang are analyzed.The results show that the specific humidity of atmosphere in Xinjiang decreases from west to East and from south to north, and decreases with the increase of altitude. The specific humidity in Xinjiang is much smaller than that in East Asian monsoon region. The specific humidity in Xinjiang is the largest in summer, followed by autumn and spring, and the minimum in winter. The specific humidity at 850hPa and 500hPa varies greatly among stations in Xinjiang, while that at 700hPa is small. The tropospheric specific humidity at 850, 700 and 500 hPa showed a linear upward trend, which was dry in 1967-1986, wet in 1987-2005, and abrupt point in 1987. The specific humidity at 850, 700 and 500 hPa in troposphere is positively correlated with precipitation.The specific humidity in the middle and lower troposphere is the largest in summer rainstorm weather, and the specific humidity is about 1-2 times of the climate average when rainstorm occurs. The dynamic and unstable conditions of summer rainstorm are more critical. The specific humidity of Rainstorm in Xinjiang is significantly smaller than that in East Asia monsoon region.The specific humidity of heavy snow in winter is the smallest in a year. The specific humidity of heavy rainfall in spring and autumn is between summer and winter, but it can reach 2-3 times of the average climate. In spring and autumn, more water vapor is needed to produce strong precipitation.