生物气生成的地球化学因素分析

地层中生物气的生成是一种微生物降解有机质的生化过程，影响其生成的因素较复杂，本文阐述了影响生物气生成基本因素：环境的氧化还原程度、温度、pH值、地层含盐度、有机质丰度、硫酸盐、硫化物和硝酸盐的含量与孔隙空间，及其主次关系。借鉴厌氧微生物产甲烷气的最新研究，阐述和分析了影响厌氧发酵的因素(如长链脂肪酸、微量元素与硫化物)的影响。这些因素在地层中广泛存在，在生物气生成过程中起到的作用不容忽视，但研究程度较低；探讨这些因素有助于了解生物气的生成。

Review of the Geochemical Factors Effecting Biogeneic Gas Production

Biogeneic gas production in stratum is a biochemical process that microbe is involved in degrading organic material. The effects of geochemical factors on biogeneic gas production are complicated. In the paper, we discussed mechanism of biogeneic gas production, summed up the advances on basic geochemical effects on biogeneic gas production, and discussed the effect of the basic parameters such as redox conditions, organic content, sulfate, content of sulfide and nitriate, temperature, pH value, porosity. Anaerobic digestion process is similar to biogeneic gas production in stratum, by using the advances on anaerobic digestion process for reference, some factors control anaerobic bacteria fermentation have been generalized and analyzed as well,such as influence of long-chain fatty acid, trace metals and sulfide, which are distributed widely in the stratum and play an important role in biogeneic gas production, but are less studied. Thus it is significant to consider these parameters to better understand the process of biogeneic gas production.